Alfred Nobel, a Swedish inventor contributed most of his vast fortune in a trust as a fund from which annual prizes could be awarded to individuals and organizations who had achieved the greatest benefit to humanity in a particular year. Originally, there were six classifications for outstanding contributions designated in Nobel’s will including chemistry, physics, medicine, literature, and international peace. The prizes are administrated by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm. In 1969, a prize for economics endowed by the Central Bank of Sweden was added. Candidates for the prizes must be nominated in writing by qualified authority in the field of competition. Recipients are selected by their respective institutions. The prizes are usually presented in Stockholm on December 10, with the King of Sweden officiating, an appropriate tribute to Alfred Nobel on the anniversary of his death. Each one includes a gold medal, a diploma, and a cash award of about a million dollars.

The name of television comes from the Greek word tele and the Latin word videre, ______“far“ and “to see“ , respectively. meaning meant are meant have the meaning of

On the giant plane there are______the jet needs. twice engines than twice as engines as as twice many engines as twice as many engines as

None of the soldiers was allowed to open fire unless heavy loss was shown to be ______inevitable. nonetheless otherwise hence therefore

The suspect______that he had assaulted a woman. refused rejected declined denied

A Poster Just as the sun is starting to shine and the days are getting longer, the examination period begins! I’d like to wish all students the very best luck in your exams and with your dissertations. For those of you who will be leaving us this summer, I hope that you will take with you fond memories of Birmingham and that you keep in touch. If you are staying in Birmingham over the summer, do try to come along to our summer garden party on 18 June. Spouses and children are very welcome to join us too. Summer Garden Party Wednesday 18, June 2007 From 2 p. m. —5 p. m. Celebrate the end of exams and the end of term with a summer garden party in the beautiful grounds of Westmere on Edgbaston Park Road. All international students, their spouses and children are welcome to join us. We’ll have lots of party games as well as food and drink. What better way to mark the end of the academic year? If you would like to come along, please contact Mal Graham, international Student Assistant: 0121 414 2894 M. M. Graham@bham. ac. uk. We look forward to seeing many of you there. Have a great summer.

Speaker A: Excuse me. Do you mind if I open the window? Speaker B: ______ Well. Don’t open it. Well, I’m sorry. It’s a bit cold here. Yes. Please open it. Well. It’s too hot here.

Susan: I thought you were going to the conference in USA last Saturday. Gordon: ______, but I haven’t been feeling well, so I stayed home. I didn’t plan to I didn’t want to I was planning to I was happy to

Person A: Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to the museum? Person B : ______ Sorry. I’m a stranger here myself. Sorry. I can’t tell it to you. Well. Go there yourself. OK. Next time perhaps.

Woman: How can we get tickets for the Sunday’s movie? Man: ______ Just go to see it. No one pays them. Just go to the booking office. I like the Sunday’s movie.

By lip reading or watching the movements of the speaker’s lips, a deaf person can actually see______the person at the other telephone is saying. that how what where

A spokesman said that the people had greatly______the pollution. exaggerated boasted flattered enlarged

There were no tickets______for Friday’s performance. preferable considerable possible available

I hear many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at one another’s hands for reassurance. They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up just by listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in this way is that the crowd is doing it. It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. And many of today’s parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a greater barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path. But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come—with the people who respect you for whom you are. That’s the only kind of popularity that really counts.

Alfred Nobel, a Swedish inventor contributed most of his vast fortune in a trust as a fund from which annual prizes could be awarded to individuals and organizations who had achieved the greatest benefit to humanity in a particular year. Originally, there were six classifications for outstanding contributions designated in Nobel’s will including chemistry, physics, medicine, literature, and international peace. The prizes are administrated by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm. In 1969, a prize for economics endowed by the Central Bank of Sweden was added. Candidates for the prizes must be nominated in writing by qualified authority in the field of competition. Recipients are selected by their respective institutions. The prizes are usually presented in Stockholm on December 10, with the King of Sweden officiating, an appropriate tribute to Alfred Nobel on the anniversary of his death. Each one includes a gold medal, a diploma, and a cash award of about a million dollars.

Paul: Peter, why don’t you come to Mary ’s birthday party with us? Peter: ______ Sony? Let’s go right away. Thank you. I’d love to. Yeah, thanks anyway. Whether I’ll go or not is not your business, OK?

Jackson: What a lovely coat you are wearing? Chester: _____ Of course. It’s excellent. You should buy one. No. It’s not very expensive, you see. Thank you. My husband gave it to me for my thirtieth birthday. Yes. I don’t like it very much.

When something happens______we like, we usually feel joy or happiness, which is a positive and powerful emotion and for which we all strive. upon to that what

When we have difficulty ______ desired objects or reaching desired goals we experience negative emotions such as grief and anger. at obtaining in obtaining on obtaining with obtaining

I can’t give you______for the type of car you sell because there’s no demand for it in the market. an expense a purchase a charge an order

Developing countries are unusually vulnerable to cigarette advertising. Until recently, some of them sold tobacco only through government monopolies, with little or no attempt at persuasion. And because most of these countries don’t have effective anti-smoking campaigns, many of their people are surprisingly innocent of the link between tobacco and disease. In Manila, we even found cigarettes sold at a snack bar operated by the local Boy Scouts. Many governments, moreover, are reluctant to wage anti-smoking wars because they’re addicted to tobacco taxes. Argentina gets 22. 5 percent of all tax revenue from tobacco: Malawi, 16.7 percent. Into this climate of naivety and neglect, American tobacco companies have unleashed not only the marketing wizardry(魔术)that most of us take for granted, but other tactics they wouldn’t dare use here. Tobacco spokesmen insist that cigarette advertising draws only people who already smoke. But an ad executive, who worked until recently of the Philip Morris account, speaking on condition of anonymity, disagrees. “You don’t have to be a brain surgeon to figure out what’s going on. Just look at the ads. It’s ludicrous(荒唐的)for them to deny that a cartoon character like Joe Camel isn’t attractive to kids. “

Why are the awards presented on December 10?

A Nobel prize would NOT be given to______.

How often are the Nobel prizes awarded?

Why were the prizes named for Alfred Nobel?

What does this passage mainly discuss?