“Family“ is of course an elastic word. And in different countries it has different meanings. But when British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinking of “family“ in its narrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, father and children living together in their own house as an economic and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and in-dependent family—hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life. For both man and woman, marriage means leaving one’ s parents and starting one’ s own life. The man’ s first duty will then be to his wife, and the wife’ s first duty will be to her husband. He will be entirely responsible for her financial support, and she will be responsible for the running of the new home. Their children will be their common responsibility and their alone. Neither the wife’ s parents nor the husband’ s, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts or uncles, have any right to interfere with them—they are their own masters. Readers of novels like Jane Austen’ s Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times, marriage among wealthy families were arranged by the girl’ s parents, that is, it was the parents’ duty to find a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement to lead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her. Until that time, the girl was protected and maintained in the parents’ home, and the financial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in their giving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry. It is very different today. Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before their marriage. This has had two results. A girl chooses her own husband, and she gets no dowry. Every coin has two sides: independence for girls is no exception. But it may be a good thing for all of the girls, as their social status are much higher and they are no longer the subordinate of their parents and husbands.

Who is the speaker?OK, everybody. Can we start the meeting now? I’ m Jeff Milton, the chairperson of the Graduation Committee for this year. You’ ve all been selected as representatives to plan the graduation ceremonies. I’ m sending around the sheet of paper for you to fill in your name and telephone number. Also , please write down what part of the ceremonies you would like to work on. Think about it carefully before you decide. Do what you are good at and do remember, as a representative, you will have a lot of responsibilities. Surely we have a lot to prepare for the ceremonies. The job you are going to do is not easy, but it’ s going to be very interesting that we will work together and solve all kinds of problems. Besides, you will make a lot of new friends in this committee. It will take up a lot of your spare time, mostly on weekends. So only sign up if you feel you have the time to participate. And if you have any questions about anything concerning ceremonies or about the committee, do not hesitate to ask me. When everyone has finished writing down the information, please return the paper to me. At our next meeting one week from today, we’ll start to discuss the details of the ceremonies.The next meeting will begin with a self-introduction to let us be familiar with each other, which is the first step to do our jobs. So if you decide to come, do not miss the first meeting. A store manager. A class president. A sales representative. A committee chairperson.

In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying “ a gift to thank her for her unselfish love“. When you log onto a website, a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May. 【C1】______The popularity of Mother’ s Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more enough to make her horrified. 【C2】______They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother’ s Day is the No. 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother’ s Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother’ s Day even got her arrested—for disturbing the peace, interestingly. 【C3】______As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observed, traditionally “ motherhood is something that we do because we think it’ s right. “ But in the logic of commercialism , people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better. 【C4】______So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation. 【C5】______According to The Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives. So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother’ s Day needs to be updated: “It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people. “ [A]Obviously, the best gift will be a phone call or a visit. [B]Nowadays Mother’s Day become more and more commercialization. [C]According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday. [D]In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire. [E]But what’s more, commercialism changes young people’ s attitude towards motherhood. [F]As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s. [G]The American version of Mother’ s Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.

As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is【C6】______for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay. If a firm wants to【C7】______a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a【C8】______of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be【C9】______, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in “points“ , which are【C10】______together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their【C11】______to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without【C12】______to an evaluation system based on points. In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should【C13】______the value of each job with these in the job market.【C14】______, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for【C15】______workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed. [A]adopt[B]find[C]useful [D]indirect[E]responsible[F]reference [G]added[H]method[I]capacity [J]Basically[K]Necessarily[L]successful [M]ability[N]combined[O]compare

Greg Logan: These were the trials for the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, Korea. Until this dive, I had been ahead. But now, something else was more significant than winning. I might have endangered other divers’ lives if I have spilled blood in the pool. For what I knew—that few others knew—was that I was HIV-positive. AIDS forced me to stop diving: I had to quit diving professionally after the Olympics. Margaret Chan: It is reported that almost three million people in developing countries are now receiving drugs for HIV. This is an increase of almost one million people from two thousand and six. Still, the hope was to reach three million by two thousand and five. But antiviral therapy, or ART, alone will not solve the problem. For every two persons we manage to provide them with ART, another five persons get infected. So again, we cannot underestimate the power of prevention. Paula Green: The disease robs the body of its natural defenses against infections. Almost seventy-five percent of people receiving HIV drugs are in Africa. The drugs help patients live longer without developing AIDS. An estimated nine million seven hundred thousand people in low and middle income countries were in need of HIV treatment last year. However, by the end of the year, just over thirty percent of them were getting it. Raymond Chow: Price reductions can be a main method to let more people with HIV, including more pregnant women, receive the drugs. Also, delivery systems should be redesigned to better serve individual countries and smaller health centers. And treatments should be simpler than in the past. William Wang: Huge barriers still remain in dealing with the AIDS epidemic. Getting patients to stay on their therapy is difficult. There are still large numbers of people who do not get tested for HIV. And there are many others who get tested too late and die within months. What’ s more, there is not enough joint treatment of HIV and the related infections that most often kill AIDS patients. And still another problem is the shortage of health care workers in the developing world. Now match the name of each person(36 - 40)to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. Statements [A]Some HIV-positive patients don’t cooperate with doctors. [B]AID patient’ s blood may be dangerous to other people’ s lives. [C]People are scared of AIDS. [D]Treatment is more urgent than prevention. [E]Many people can’t get HIV drugs because of poverty. [F]More people get HIV treatment, but even more get infected. [G]HIV drugs should be cheaper.

Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use your own words. It’ s the graduation season again. According to a latest survey, most Chinese graduates have high salary expectations, and thus prefer working for foreign companies or state-owned enterprises in first-tier cities. The survey was conducted by renren. com, a Chinese social media site is similar to Facebook. The results show that among 1,510 respondents, more than 64. 7 percent want to work in first-tier cities. In addition, 29.4 percent of the graduates who were born in the 1990s want to work for foreign companies, 25.5 percent for SOEs and 23.5 percent for private companies. One interesting revelation is that although there are less than 100 days before graduation and more than half of the respondents have yet to get a job offer, they are not lowering their salary expectations. Apparently, 41.2 percent aim for 8000-10000 yuan($ 1279- $ 1599)per month and 31. 4 percent for 4000-6000 yuan. According to the data released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the average monthly salary in Beijing was 5826 yuan($931)last year, while the numbers for Shanghai, Tianjin and Chongqing were 5380, 4058 and 3995 yuan respectively. A sample of comments in Weibo: “Are the survey results only jokes for April Fools’ Day? Don’ t daydream anymore! Please check if you have a good command of English and professional skills that deserve a decent job with a high pay. “ On other comments says: “ Some of my classmates got offers from foreign banks, international accounting firms and other famous foreign companies. They are told their yearly salary can reach 100,000 yuan($15 ,990). “

Where does this conversation most probably take place?M: Excuse me, I’d like to send some flowers to my mother. W: Let’ s see. These fresh carnations are nice. In the woods. In a garden. In a supermarket. In a florist shop.

Who do you think the man is talking to?M: Could you please tell me if the Shanghai flight will be arriving on time? W: Yes, Sir. It should be arriving in about five minutes. A taxi driver. A bus conductor. A clerk at the airport. A clerk at the station.

What’s the relationship between the two speakers?M: What are you going to have? W: I have no idea. Could you help me with the menu? M: Yes, sure. These are starters, and these are main courses and these are desserts. See? W: What’s the alternative? M: The alternative is to order a complete dinner. For a set price you get your choice of soup or juice, one dish with potato and vegetable, salad, bread and butter and sometimes coffee and sometimes dessert. W: And you pay the price listed next to the main course? M: Right. Like the roast beef dinner is $7. 85—plus tax and tip, of course. W: It’ s all looks pretty expensive to me. M: It’ s not. This is only a bit more expensive than McDonald’ s. So enjoy yourself. We’ re celebrating, remember? W: You’ re kind. M: Friends are friends. I cannot get promoted often. Are you ready to order? W: Ah, can you tell me what Hot Fudge Sundae is? M: That’ s a dessert. It’ s an English specialty. It’ s a kind of ice cream with a hot sticky sauce over the top—very sweet and fattening! W: I don’t really like the sound of that. How come here is English food? I thought we agreed to eat American food. M: Our country is made up of people from all over the world, so besides collected words and phrases from every language, we’ ve also absorbed recipes. We even have a lot of Chinese restaurants now. W: Which is better, French or Chinese cuisine? M: I’ d say it’ s a toss-up. I love them both. W: I didn’ t know you were so fond of foreign foods. When my boss promotes me, I will take you to a French restaurant near my company. The food there is delicious. M: Oh, we will have a second dinner soon. Husband and wife. Waiter and customer. Good friends. Colleagues.

Suppose you are a major in Art of Central Academy of Fine Arts. After graduation you decide to pursue your study in the graduate school in Yale University. Write a letter of application for admission, which should include the following points: 1)make an application: 2)provide your personal information and academic documents: 3)express your hope for a reply. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter. Use “Wang Lin“ instead.

Who is making the telephone call?W: Hello, Thomas Brothers. M: Hello, this is Mike Landon here. Is Jack Cooper there by any chance? W: I am afraid not, he is away for a day or two, back on, let’ s see, Monday morning. M: Oh, well perhaps I can leave a message for him. W: Yes, of course, just a minute. Now, let’ s see, to Jack Cooper from Mike London. M: No, Landon, L-a-n-d-o-n. W: Sorry, yes, got that, and what’s the message? M: Well, it’ s just this: could he come to a meeting on Monday afternoon at 5: 00 pm? W: That’s this coming Monday, October 12th? M: Right, it’ s to discuss the new factory in France. W: Fine, I’ ve got that. I will see that he gets it as soon as he comes in on Monday. M: Good, thank you, goodbye. Thomas Brothers. Mike Landon. Mike London. Jack Cooper.

Why is the woman in New York?W: Hi, this is Emily. Do you know where I am now? M: Of course I don’ t. W: It’ s so exciting I am here in New York! My company sends me here for a project. And I think maybe we could get together today. M: I’ d love to, but I’ m sick as a dog. W: You do sound awful. Do you have a cold or the flu? M: I don’ t know. All I know is that I want to die. I’ m burning up and throwing up all over the place. W: Oh, you men are such babies when you’ re sick. Listen, I’ m at the 116th Street. Just tell me how to get to your place and I’ll come up to visit you. M: Take the 104 bus uptown and get off at the 168th Street. I’ m at 904 Haven Avenue, apartment 3 A on the third floor. W: I’ll be there in less than an hour. M: I’ll probably be dead by then. W: Oh, stop it. Do you have any food in the house? M: I don’ t know. W: Never mind. I’ll bring you some Chinese medicine I have in my bag and make some soup for you. M: Thanks. Because she likes the city. Because the man is ill. Because she has a project there. Because she wants to visit the man.

“Family“ is of course an elastic word. And in different countries it has different meanings. But when British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinking of “family“ in its narrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, father and children living together in their own house as an economic and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and in-dependent family—hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life. For both man and woman, marriage means leaving one’ s parents and starting one’ s own life. The man’ s first duty will then be to his wife, and the wife’ s first duty will be to her husband. He will be entirely responsible for her financial support, and she will be responsible for the running of the new home. Their children will be their common responsibility and their alone. Neither the wife’ s parents nor the husband’ s, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts or uncles, have any right to interfere with them—they are their own masters. Readers of novels like Jane Austen’ s Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times, marriage among wealthy families were arranged by the girl’ s parents, that is, it was the parents’ duty to find a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement to lead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her. Until that time, the girl was protected and maintained in the parents’ home, and the financial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in their giving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry. It is very different today. Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before their marriage. This has had two results. A girl chooses her own husband, and she gets no dowry. Every coin has two sides: independence for girls is no exception. But it may be a good thing for all of the girls, as their social status are much higher and they are no longer the subordinate of their parents and husbands.

I don’ t think there is anything wrong with your blood. The key to your problem is that long nap after dinner. If you didn’ t sleep for hours during the early part of the evening, you would be more ready to sleep at bedtime. If you didn’t nap after dinner, you would not want to stay up so late, and you would not feel the need to take a sleeping pill. The pill is still working in your system when you get up in the morning. This helps account for the fact that you feel tired all day. You should get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening. Right after your evening meal, engage in some sort of physical activity—a sport such as bowling, perhaps. Or get together with friends for an evening of cards and conversation. Then go to bed at your usual time or a little earlier, and you should be able to get a good nights rest without taking a pill. If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings this way, I am sure you will feel less tired during the day. At first it may be hard for you to go to sleep without taking a pill. If so, get up and watch television or do some jobs around your house until you feel sleepy. If you fall asleep and then wake up a few hours later, get up but do not take a sleeping pill. Read a while or listen to the radio, and make yourself a few hours’ sleep that night, you will feel better in the morning than you usually feel after taking a pill. The next night you will be ready to sleep at an earlier hour. The most important thing is to avoid taking that nap right after dinner and avoid taking pills.

What does the author mean by “Family is of course an elastic word“?

For an English family, the husband’ s duty is_________.

Everything is decided in a family_________.

What is TRUE concerning the book Pride and Prejudice?

With regard to marriage in Britain, present-day girls differ from former-time girls in_________.