A smile is a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude and a willingness to communicate. It is a positive, silent sign sent with the hope the other person will smile back. When you smile, you show you have noticed the person in a positive way. The result? That person will usually smile back. You might not realize a closed position is the cause of many conversational problems. A common closed position is sitting with your arms and legs crossed and your hand covering your mouth or chin. This is often called the “thinking pose“. Ask yourself this question: Are you going to interrupt someone who appears to be deep in thought? This position gives off “stay away“ signs and prevents your main “ sign sender“(your mouth)from being seen by others looking for inviting conversational signs. The open body position is most effective when you place yourself within communicating distance of the other person—that is, within about five feet. Take care, however, not to enter someone’ s “personal space“ by getting too close, too soon. Leaning forward a little while a person is talking shows your interest and how you are listening to what the person is saying. By doing this, you are saying: I hear what you’ re saying, and I’ m interested in—keep talking! Often people will lean back with their hands over their mouth, chin, or behind their head in the “thinking“ pose. This position gives off signs of judgment, doubt, and lack of interest from the listener. Since most people do not feel comfortable when they think they are being judged, this leaning-back position serves to prevent the speaker from continuing. In many cultures the most common form of first contact between two people is a handshake. Be the first to extend your hand in greeting. Couple this with a friendly “Hello“ , a nice smile, and your name and you have made the first step to open the lines of communication. Eye contact should be natural, not forced or overdone. Direct eye contact shows you are listening to the other person and that you want to know about her.

Who is making the telephone call?W: Hello, Thomas Brothers. M: Hello, this is Mike Landon here. Is Jack Cooper there by any chance? W: I am afraid not, he is away for a day or two, back on, let’ s see, Monday morning. M: Oh, well perhaps I can leave a message for him. W: Yes, of course, just a minute. Now, let’ s see, to Jack Cooper from Mike London. M: No, Landon, L-a-n-d-o-n. W: Sorry, yes, got that, and what’s the message? M: Well, it’ s just this: could he come to a meeting on Monday afternoon at 5: 00 pm? W: That’s this coming Monday, October 12th? M: Right, it’ s to discuss the new factory in France. W: Fine, I’ ve got that. I will see that he gets it as soon as he comes in on Monday. M: Good, thank you, goodbye. Thomas Brothers. Mike Landon. Mike London. Jack Cooper.

Why is the woman in New York?W: Hi, this is Emily. Do you know where I am now? M: Of course I don’ t. W: It’ s so exciting I am here in New York! My company sends me here for a project. And I think maybe we could get together today. M: I’ d love to, but I’ m sick as a dog. W: You do sound awful. Do you have a cold or the flu? M: I don’ t know. All I know is that I want to die. I’ m burning up and throwing up all over the place. W: Oh, you men are such babies when you’ re sick. Listen, I’ m at the 116th Street. Just tell me how to get to your place and I’ll come up to visit you. M: Take the 104 bus uptown and get off at the 168th Street. I’ m at 904 Haven Avenue, apartment 3 A on the third floor. W: I’ll be there in less than an hour. M: I’ll probably be dead by then. W: Oh, stop it. Do you have any food in the house? M: I don’ t know. W: Never mind. I’ll bring you some Chinese medicine I have in my bag and make some soup for you. M: Thanks. Because she likes the city. Because the man is ill. Because she has a project there. Because she wants to visit the man.

What’s the relationship between the two speakers?M: What are you going to have? W: I have no idea. Could you help me with the menu? M: Yes, sure. These are starters, and these are main courses and these are desserts. See? W: What’s the alternative? M: The alternative is to order a complete dinner. For a set price you get your choice of soup or juice, one dish with potato and vegetable, salad, bread and butter and sometimes coffee and sometimes dessert. W: And you pay the price listed next to the main course? M: Right. Like the roast beef dinner is $7. 85—plus tax and tip, of course. W: It’ s all looks pretty expensive to me. M: It’ s not. This is only a bit more expensive than McDonald’ s. So enjoy yourself. We’ re celebrating, remember? W: You’ re kind. M: Friends are friends. I cannot get promoted often. Are you ready to order? W: Ah, can you tell me what Hot Fudge Sundae is? M: That’ s a dessert. It’ s an English specialty. It’ s a kind of ice cream with a hot sticky sauce over the top—very sweet and fattening! W: I don’t really like the sound of that. How come here is English food? I thought we agreed to eat American food. M: Our country is made up of people from all over the world, so besides collected words and phrases from every language, we’ ve also absorbed recipes. We even have a lot of Chinese restaurants now. W: Which is better, French or Chinese cuisine? M: I’ d say it’ s a toss-up. I love them both. W: I didn’ t know you were so fond of foreign foods. When my boss promotes me, I will take you to a French restaurant near my company. The food there is delicious. M: Oh, we will have a second dinner soon. Husband and wife. Waiter and customer. Good friends. Colleagues.

What does the woman plan to do tomorrow?M: What are your plans for tomorrow, Brenda? W: Well, first, I’ m going to do the washing up. M: Poor you! While you’ re doing the washing up, I’ll be having breakfast in bed. W: It’ s all right for some people. Sleeping late. Do some washing up. Cooking breakfast herself. Go shopping with her friends.

As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is【C6】______for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay. If a firm wants to【C7】______a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a【C8】______of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be【C9】______, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in “points“ , which are【C10】______together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their【C11】______to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without【C12】______to an evaluation system based on points. In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should【C13】______the value of each job with these in the job market.【C14】______, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for【C15】______workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed. [A]adopt[B]find[C]useful [D]indirect[E]responsible[F]reference [G]added[H]method[I]capacity [J]Basically[K]Necessarily[L]successful [M]ability[N]combined[O]compare

Gary: It is generally held that one can pick up a foreign language easily when under the age of eight. If you immerse a child(under 8)in a foreign language, then he or she will pick it up within months. When a child is under 5 , this can be a matter of weeks. This, Very simply, is because the part of the brain that learns language is still developing and that it is easy for that child to pick up and copy sounds. William: It seems that the older you get, the more rigid your brain becomes so that it is much harder to learn a new language, for example you were a teenager. I think that as a child you learn a language intuitively, just absorbing the language around. As you get older, you have to study the language more intensively and analytically, studying grammar and such. Arthur: We learn our first language not for any other reason than solving problems.(communicating is a problem, and we develop our patterns to do so), when we have “covered“ that need we don’t go further, unless we have an extra need(it could be the desire of having more languages). It is fascinating how we are motivated by those needs, which combined with proper exposure makes us learn a new language. Joyce: My own theory is that language learning is very attitude or self-image dependent. Each person’ s self image governs to what extent they are willing to absorb a new language. Clearly, children before they become self-conscious are far less inhibited than young teenagers who have begun to worry what others think about them. I’ ve come across examples of self-conscious inhibition in adults when teaching pronunciation. Whereas children, who are still forming their own identity, seek to conform to their peers, adults, on the other hand, with an already firmly established self-image feel foolish when making unfamiliar tongue and lip movements. Mary: Besides self-image, children and adults experience different types of pressure from those of the same age or status. Young children are often placed in a completely foreign language environment by their parents—leaving them with little choice but to learn the new language. Peer pressure is pushing them to learn. Adults on the other hand, almost never completely separate themselves from the native culture. When it comes too hard they can easily break away from the foreign group and revert to their native language. Depending on the person’ s culture, peer pressure can push them not to learn. Now match the name of each person(36-40)to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. Statements [A]Stress from around you affects foreign language achievement. [B]Learning strategies determine one’ s foreign language learning achievements. [C]Ideas about your qualities and abilities affect a new language learning. [D]Practical needs often have positive impact on a new language learning. [E]The older one is, the harder it will be to learn a new language. [F]Personality produces difference in the development of a new language learning. [G]Younger children enjoy an advantage in learning a foreign language.

Suppose you are a major in Art of Central Academy of Fine Arts. After graduation you decide to pursue your study in the graduate school in Yale University. Write a letter of application for admission, which should include the following points: 1)make an application: 2)provide your personal information and academic documents: 3)express your hope for a reply. You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter. Use “Wang Lin“ instead.

What will the woman do?M: Will you be joining us later in the basketball game? W: No, thanks. I have to prepare for my tomorrow’ s examination. To play basketball. To have a rest. To go to the library. To prepare for the examination.

Who is the speaker?OK, everybody. Can we start the meeting now? I’ m Jeff Milton, the chairperson of the Graduation Committee for this year. You’ ve all been selected as representatives to plan the graduation ceremonies. I’ m sending around the sheet of paper for you to fill in your name and telephone number. Also , please write down what part of the ceremonies you would like to work on. Think about it carefully before you decide. Do what you are good at and do remember, as a representative, you will have a lot of responsibilities. Surely we have a lot to prepare for the ceremonies. The job you are going to do is not easy, but it’ s going to be very interesting that we will work together and solve all kinds of problems. Besides, you will make a lot of new friends in this committee. It will take up a lot of your spare time, mostly on weekends. So only sign up if you feel you have the time to participate. And if you have any questions about anything concerning ceremonies or about the committee, do not hesitate to ask me. When everyone has finished writing down the information, please return the paper to me. At our next meeting one week from today, we’ll start to discuss the details of the ceremonies.The next meeting will begin with a self-introduction to let us be familiar with each other, which is the first step to do our jobs. So if you decide to come, do not miss the first meeting. A store manager. A class president. A sales representative. A committee chairperson.

In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying “ a gift to thank her for her unselfish love“. When you log onto a website, a small pop-up invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May. 【C1】______The popularity of Mother’ s Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more enough to make her horrified. 【C2】______They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother’ s Day is the No. 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother’ s Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother’ s Day even got her arrested—for disturbing the peace, interestingly. 【C3】______As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observed, traditionally “ motherhood is something that we do because we think it’ s right. “ But in the logic of commercialism , people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better. 【C4】______So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation. 【C5】______According to The Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives. So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother’ s Day needs to be updated: “It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people. “ [A]Obviously, the best gift will be a phone call or a visit. [B]Nowadays Mother’s Day become more and more commercialization. [C]According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday. [D]In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire. [E]But what’s more, commercialism changes young people’ s attitude towards motherhood. [F]As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s. [G]The American version of Mother’ s Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.

A smile is a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude and a willingness to communicate. It is a positive, silent sign sent with the hope the other person will smile back. When you smile, you show you have noticed the person in a positive way. The result? That person will usually smile back. You might not realize a closed position is the cause of many conversational problems. A common closed position is sitting with your arms and legs crossed and your hand covering your mouth or chin. This is often called the “thinking pose“. Ask yourself this question: Are you going to interrupt someone who appears to be deep in thought? This position gives off “stay away“ signs and prevents your main “ sign sender“(your mouth)from being seen by others looking for inviting conversational signs. The open body position is most effective when you place yourself within communicating distance of the other person—that is, within about five feet. Take care, however, not to enter someone’ s “personal space“ by getting too close, too soon. Leaning forward a little while a person is talking shows your interest and how you are listening to what the person is saying. By doing this, you are saying: I hear what you’ re saying, and I’ m interested in—keep talking! Often people will lean back with their hands over their mouth, chin, or behind their head in the “thinking“ pose. This position gives off signs of judgment, doubt, and lack of interest from the listener. Since most people do not feel comfortable when they think they are being judged, this leaning-back position serves to prevent the speaker from continuing. In many cultures the most common form of first contact between two people is a handshake. Be the first to extend your hand in greeting. Couple this with a friendly “Hello“ , a nice smile, and your name and you have made the first step to open the lines of communication. Eye contact should be natural, not forced or overdone. Direct eye contact shows you are listening to the other person and that you want to know about her.

It was fifteen past nine as Marie hurried into the office building where she was going to work. Her bus had inched along through the heavy traffic, making her a few minutes late for her very first job. She decided to start out half an hour earlier the next day. Once inside the lobby, she had to stand at the elevators and wait several minutes before she could get on one going to the sixth floor. When she finally reached the office marked “ Smith Enterprise“ , she knocked at the door nervously and waited. There was no reply. She tapped on the door a-gain, but still there was no answer. From inside the next office, she could hear the sound of voices, so she opened the door and went in. Although she was sure it was the same office she had been in two weeks before when she had the interview with Mr. Smith, it looked quite different now. In fact, it hardly looked like an office at all. The employees were just standing around chatting and smoking. In the front of the room, somebody must have just told a good joke, she thought, because there was a loud burst of laughter as she came in. For a moment she had thought they were laughing at her. Then one of the men looked at his watch, clapped his hands and said something to the others. Quickly they all went to their desks, and in a matter of seconds, everyone was hard at work. No one paid any attention to Marie. Finally she went up to the man who was sitting at the desk nearest to the door and explained that this was her first day in the office. Hardly looking up from his work, he told her to have a seat and wait for Mr. Smith, who would arrive at any moment. Then Marie realized that the day’ s work in the office began just before Mr. Smith arrived. Later she found out that he lived in Connecticut and came into Manhattan on the same train every morning, arriving in the office at 9: 35, so that his staff knew exactly when to start working.

Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use your own words. The House of 1000 Mirrors Long ago in a small, faraway village, there was a place known as the House of 1000 Mirrors. A small, happy little dog learned of this place and decided to visit. When he arrived, he bounced happily up the stairs to the doorway of the house. He looked through the doorway with his ears lifted high and his tail wagging as fast as it could. To his great surprise, he found himself staring at 1000 other happy little dogs with their tails wagging just as fast as his. He smiled a great smile, and was answered with 1000 great smiles just as warm and friendly. As he left the House, he thought to himself, “This is a wonderful place. I will come back and visit it often. “ In this same village, another little dog, who was not quite as happy as the first one, decided to visit the house. He slowly climbed the stairs and hung his head low as he looked into the door. When he saw the 1000 unfriendly looking dogs staring back at him, he growled at them and was horrified to see 1000 little dogs growling back at him. As he left, he thought to himself, “That is a horrible place, and I will never go back there again. “ All the faces in the world are mirrors. What kinds of reflections do you see in the faces of the people you meet?

A person smiles to show_________.

According to the text, troubles in communication may result from_________.

Leaning back with your hands behind your head in deep thought while a person is talking_________.

All of the following gestures encourage communication except_________.

From the text we know that_________.