Television Television—that most pervasive (普遍深入的) and persuasive of modern technologies marked by rapid change and growth—is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies. The word “television“, derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photo conductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image. Television is more than just an electronics system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings. The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based air-waves transmission of television signals. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques. Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.What is the literal meaning of the word “television“? Sight from a distance. TV. Air waves transmission. Vehicle for communication.

I can’t put up with her endless complaint noise a moment longer. endure perceive ripen protest

Stress 1. How often do you sit still and do absolutely nothing? The usual answer these days is never, or hardly ever. As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down and unwind. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body, 2. Stress is a natural part of everyday life. There is no way to avoid it, since it takes many and varied forms—driving in traffic, problems with personal relationships are all different forms of stress. Stress, in fact, is not as bad as it is often reputed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can head to level performance and ill health. 3. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people thrive on stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others crumple at the sight of unusual difficulties. 4. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we invoke (调用) the fight mechanism which in more primitive days made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however minimal the stress, it involves the same response. All the energy is diverted to cope with the stress, with the result that other function, such as digestion, are neglected. 5. It is when such a reaction is prolonged, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease all have established links with stress. The way stress affects a person also varies with the individual. Stress in some people produces stomach disorders, while others succumb to tension headaches. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it.A.The harm of stress B.How much stress a person can withstand C.Our body’s reaction to stress D.The forms and use of stress E.How to deal with stress F.Blood pressure and stress

Coffee The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their obvious advantages. Furthermore, the advertising expenditure for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. Efforts were(51) to find the cause of the consumers’ seemingly unreasonable(52) to the product. The reason given by most people was(53) for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be(54) reasons, however. This was confirmed by one of motivation research’s classic studies, one often cited in the trade. Mason Haire, of the University of California,(55) two shopping lists that were identical except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots (胡萝卜), baking power, bread, canned peaches and potatoes,(56) the brands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in the fifth(57) both lists, read “1 lb. Maxwell House coffee“ on one list and “Nescafe instant coffee“ on the(58). one list was given to each person in a group of fifty(59), and the other list to those in an other group of the same(60). the women were asked to study their lists and then to describe as far as they could, the kind of woman (“personality and character“)(61) would draw up that shopping list.(62) half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was laze and a poor planner.(63), only one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had(64) regular coffee on her list, as lazy; only six of that group suggest ed that she was a poor lanner.. eight women felt that the instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife! No one in the other group(65) such a conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee. done made taken put

When did you first go in for running in competition? does for does by attend go in with

I must go now. By the way, if you want that book, I’ll bring it next time. Incidentally Accidentally Occasionally Consequently

If a fever continues to exist, a doctor should be called since this may mean that a more serious infection is present. disappears persists perishes vanishes

I don’t subscribe to the idea that money brings happiness. cheer contribute agree describe

We would much appreciate it if you could do us a favour. enjoy be surprised by be astonished by be thankful for

I saw a lark (云雀) rise from the ground and soar high into the sky. shoot launch surge fly

Why do people become too fat It is indeed unfortunate that in our modern era of technologic and scientific achievement, there is no adequate explanation for a seemingly simple question: “why do people become too fat and what can be done to prevent it?“ about 50 million men and 60 million women between the ages of 18 and 79 are “too fat“ and need to reduce excess weight. This amount to about 377 million kg of excess fat for men and 667 million kg for women, or a total of t044 million kg (2297 million 1b) for the United States adult population! If the overfat men and women dieted by consuming 600 fewer calories each day to reduce to a “normal“ value of body fat (achievable in 68 days for men and 101 days for women), the reduced caloric intake would equal 5.7 trilling calories. Translating this into fossil fuel energy and considering such factors as the energy required to plant, cultivate, harvest, feed, process, transport, wholesale, retail, acquire, store and cook the food, the annual energy savings would be equal to that required to supply the residential electric demands of Boston, Chicago, san Francisco and Washington DC, or 13 billion gallons of gasoline to fuel 900,000 autos per year. Until recently, the major cause of obesity was believed to be overeating. However, if gluttony (贪食) and overindulgence were the only factors associated with an increase in body fat, the easiest way to permanently reduce would surely to be cut back on food. Of course, if it were that simple, obesity would soon be eliminated as a major health problem. There are obviously other factors operative such as genetic, environmental, and social influences. However, these causes probably overlap. It seems fairly certain that the treatment procedures devised so far, whether they be diets, surgery, drugs, psychologic methods, or exercise, either alone or in combination, have not been particularly successful in solving the problem on a long-term basis. There is nonetheless, optimism that as researchers continue to investigate the many facets of. obesity, as well as to test and quantify various treatment modes, significant progress can be made to conquer this major health problem.The percentage of the excess fat for women of the total amount of excess fat is roughly 50%. Right Wrong Not mentioned

Television Television—that most pervasive (普遍深入的) and persuasive of modern technologies marked by rapid change and growth—is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and computer technologies. The word “television“, derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photo conductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image. Television is more than just an electronics system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings. The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through broad-based air-waves transmission of television signals. Second, there is non-broadcast television, which provides for the needs of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques. Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about thirty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, who have been the major purveyors of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television but our perception of it as well. We have come to look upon the picture tube as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic medium as the passive viewer.What is the literal meaning of the word “television“? Sight from a distance. TV. Air waves transmission. Vehicle for communication.

For job seekers There is a new type of small advetisement becoming increasingly common in news- papers classified columns. It is sometimes placed among“ situations vacant“, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted“, al- though it is not placed by someone looking for a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job. “Contact us before writing your application,“ or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your resume or job history,“ is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialised service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the resume (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right. There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams,“ was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when they left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those clays of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest. Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for,“ was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view. There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the resume.According to the passage, the new type of advertisements ______. informs job hunters of the chances available promises useful advice to job-hunters divides available jobs into various types informs employers that people are available for work

Well-being of women In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery“—feeling important and worthwhile—and the sources of what we call a sense of “pleasure“—finding life enjoyable—are not always identical. Women often are told, “You can’t have it all“. Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is “You choose a career, so you can’t expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life,“ or “You have a wonderful husband and children—what’s all this about wanting a career?“ but women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they have to feel good about themselves. Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two dimensions. One is mastery, which includes self-esteem (自尊), a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the “doing“ side of life, to work and activity~ Pleasure is the other dimension, and it is composed of happiness, satisfaction and optimism. It is tied more closely to the “feeling“ side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa. For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time. The concepts of mastery and pleasure could help us identify the source of well-being for women, and remedy past mistakes. In the past, women are encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are critical. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study, all the groups of employed women rated significantly high in mastery than did women who were not employed. A woman’s well-being is enhanced (增进) when she takes on multiple roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in the combination of roles—marriages, motherhood, and employment--were the highest in well-being, despite warnings about stress and strain.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ______. for women, a sense of “mastery“ is more important than a sense of “pleasure“ a sense of “mastery“ and a sense of “pleasure“ are both indispensable to women women can’t have a sense of “mastery“ and a sense of “pleasure“ at the same time for women, a sense of “pleasure“ is more important than a sense of “mastery“

You Need Courage! Shortly after I began a career in business, I learned that Carl Weatherup, president of PepsiCo (百事可乐公司), was speaking at the University of Colorado. I tracked down the person handling his schedule and managed to get myself an appointment.(46) So there I was sitting outside the university’s auditorium, waiting for the president of PepsiCo. I could hear him talking to the students.., and talking, and talking.(47)He was now five minutes over, which dropped my time with him 4down to 10 minutes. Decision time. I wrote a note on the back of my business card, reminding him that he had a meeting. “You have a meeting with Jeff Hoye at 2:30 p.m.“ I took a deep breath, pushed open the doors of the auditorium and walked straight up the middle aisle (过道) toward him as he talked. Mr. Weatherup stopped.(48)Just before I reached the door, I heard him tell the group that he was running late. He thanked them for their attention, wished them luck and walked out to where I was now sitting, holding my breath, He looked at the card and then at me. “Let me guess,“ he said. “You’re Jeff.“ He smiled.(49) He spent the next 30 minutes offering me his time, some wonderful stories that I still use, and an invitation to visit him and his group in New York. But what he gave me that I value the most was the encouragement to continue to do as I had done.(50)When things need to happen, you either have the nerve to act or you don’t. A I began breathing again and we grabbed (霸占) an office right there at school and closed the door. B As I sat listening to him, I knew that I could trust him, and that he deserved every bit of loyalty I could give to him. C I became alarmed: his talk wasn’t ending when it should have. D He said that it took nerve for me to interrupt him, and that nerve was the key to success in the business world. E I was told, however, that he was on a tight schedule and only had 15 minutes available after his talk to the business class. F I handed him the card then I turned and walked out the way I came.

We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came into view. began to be seen began to see go to someplace looked at

If a thing is conspicuous by its absence, it is something that everyone expects to be there. noticeable necessary regrettable indifferent

The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally cancelled because of the bad weather. set off broken off worn off called off

His final remarks didn’t make much impact on us. collision uprising influence affect

I am not sure whether I can gain any profit from the investment, so I can’t make a (n) definite promise to help you. exact defined obvious sure

The training course was rather demanding but his strong will finally pulled him through. recommendatory strict commanding exhilarating

Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a function of electronics in television transmissions?

What field of television is intended for specific groups?

In the last paragraph, the word “purveyors“ could best be replaced by which of the following?

Which of the following statements about the relationship between television and its viewers can best be inferred from the passage?