Famous American Foods What, besides children, connects mothers around the world and across the seas of time? It’s chicken soup, one prominent American food expert says. From Russian villages to Africa and Asia, chicken soup has been the remedy for those weak in body and spirit. Mothers passed their knowledge on to ancient writers of Greece, China and Rome, and even 12th century philosopher and physician Moses Maimonides extolled (赞美)its virtues. Among the ancients, Aristotle thought poultry should stand in higher estimation than four-legged animals because the air is less dense than the earth. Chickens got another boost (吹捧)in the Book of Genesis, where it is written that birds and fish were created on the fifth day, a day before four-legged animals. But according to Mimi Sheraton, who has spent much of the past three years exploring the world of chicken soup, much of the reason for chicken’s real or imagined curative (治愈的)powers comes from its color. Her new book, “The Whole World Loves Chicken Soup“, looks at the beloved and mysterious brew, with dozens of recipes from around the world. Throughout the ages, she said, “There has been a lot of feeling that white-colored foods are easier to eat for the weak woman and the ill“. In addition, “soups, or anything for that matter eaten with a spoon“ are considered “comfort foods“ Sheraton said. “I love soup and love making soup and as I was collecting recipes I began to see this as an international dish. It has a universal mystique as something curative, a strength builder,“ Sheraton said from her New York home. Her book treats the oldest remedy as if it was brand new. The National Broiler Council, the trade group representing the chicken industry, reported that 51 percent of the people it surveyed said they bought chicken because it was healthier, 50 percent said it was versatile, 41 percent said it was economical and 46 percent said it was low in fat.

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In the United States there are more people who are obese today than twenty years ago. gainfully employed upwardly mobile excessively overweight privately educated

Changes in Museums Museums have changed. They are no longer places that one “should“ visit, they are places to enjoy and learn. At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan (大城市的) Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at the seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music. At New York’s American Museum of Natural History recently, you can help make a bone-by- bone reproduction of the museum’s dinosaur(恐龙), a beast that lived 200 million years ago. More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage. One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates. Leon F. Twiggs, a young black professor of art once said, “They see things in a new and different way. They are not satisfied to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate(参加) in. “The same is true of science and history.

Nuclear Power and Its Danger Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation. Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery, about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can’t be seen or heard, or touched, or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can’t detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can’t sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things. At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest level of radiation can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years. This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents. Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.

Famous American Foods What, besides children, connects mothers around the world and across the seas of time? It’s chicken soup, one prominent American food expert says. From Russian villages to Africa and Asia, chicken soup has been the remedy for those weak in body and spirit. Mothers passed their knowledge on to ancient writers of Greece, China and Rome, and even 12th century philosopher and physician Moses Maimonides extolled (赞美)its virtues. Among the ancients, Aristotle thought poultry should stand in higher estimation than four-legged animals because the air is less dense than the earth. Chickens got another boost (吹捧)in the Book of Genesis, where it is written that birds and fish were created on the fifth day, a day before four-legged animals. But according to Mimi Sheraton, who has spent much of the past three years exploring the world of chicken soup, much of the reason for chicken’s real or imagined curative (治愈的)powers comes from its color. Her new book, “The Whole World Loves Chicken Soup“, looks at the beloved and mysterious brew, with dozens of recipes from around the world. Throughout the ages, she said, “There has been a lot of feeling that white-colored foods are easier to eat for the weak woman and the ill“. In addition, “soups, or anything for that matter eaten with a spoon“ are considered “comfort foods“ Sheraton said. “I love soup and love making soup and as I was collecting recipes I began to see this as an international dish. It has a universal mystique as something curative, a strength builder,“ Sheraton said from her New York home. Her book treats the oldest remedy as if it was brand new. The National Broiler Council, the trade group representing the chicken industry, reported that 51 percent of the people it surveyed said they bought chicken because it was healthier, 50 percent said it was versatile, 41 percent said it was economical and 46 percent said it was low in fat.

A Major Composer Ludwig van Beethoven, a major composer of the nineteenth century, overcame many personal problems to achieve artistic greatness. Born in Bonn, Germany, in 1770, he first studied music with the court organist, Gilles van der Eeden. His father was excessively strict and given to heavy drinking. (46) . Appointed deputy court organist to Christian Gottlob Neefe at a surprisingly early age in 1782, Beethoven also played the harpsichord and the viola. In 1792 he was sent to Vienna by his patron, Count Ferdinand Waldstein, to study music under Haydn. Beethoven remained unmarried. (47) . Continually plagued by ill health, he developed an ear infection which led to his tragic deafness in 1819. (48) . He completed mature masterpieces of great musical depth: three piano sonatas, four string quartets, the Missa Solemnis, and the 9th Symphony. He died in 1827. (49) . Nothing that Beethoven often flew into fits of rage, Goethe once said of him, “I am astonished by his talent, but he is unfortunately an altogether Untamed personality.“ (50) . A．In spite of this handicap, however, he continued to write music. B．Because of irregular payments from his publishers and erratic support from his patrons, he was troubled by financial worries throughout his adult life. C．His life was marked by a passionate dedication to independence. D．When his mother died, Beethoven, then a young man, was named guardian of his two younger brothers. E．Although Beethoven’s personality may have been untamed, his music shows great discipline and control, and this is how we remember him best. F．Today his music is still being played all over the world.

Financing College Training High school students who, after graduation, would like to continue their education are frequently faced with many problems in financing college training. Free education is not so wide-spread at the college level (51) at the elementary and (52) school levels. There is usually a charge for (53) . In addition, for most students, going to college means living away from home, an expensive matter. (54) , then, can be done by a student who finds that he must help to finance himself if he is to (55) his education beyond high school? There are several (56) Scholarships are sometimes available. These are usually (57) partly on the basis of high grades. Therefore the day-to day work in high school may be very important for determining one’s (58) of help from this source. Another (59) of help is the college loan fund, which is established for the (60) of providing loans to (61) students. A third plan is that of working one’s way through school. Work may involve (62) a part-time job outside the college. Sometimes it means (63) professors in laboratory work, library work, or office (64) . Sometimes it means performing some (65) which the student body requires, such as helping in the preparation and serving of meals, working in college stores, and the like.

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Whether Is Reintroduction of the Death Penalty Necessary? In the USA, 85% of the population over the age of 21 approve of the death penalty. In the many states which still have the death penalty, some use the electric chair, which can take up 20 minutes to kill, while others use gas or lethal injection. The first of these was the case of Ruth Ellis who was hanged for shooting her lover in what was generally regarded as a crime passion. The second was hanged for murders which, it was later proved, had been committed by someone else. The pro-hanging lobby (赞成极刑的活动集团) uses four main arguments to support its call for the reintroduction of capital punishment. First there is the deterrence theory, which argues that potential murders would think twice before committing the act if they knew that they might die if they were caught. The armed bank robber might, likewise, go back to being unarmed. The other two arguments are more suspect. The idea of retribution demands that criminals should get what they deserve: if a murderer intentionally set out to commit a crime, he should accept the consequences. Retribution, which is just another word for revenge, is supported by the religious doctrine of an eye for an eye or a tooth for a tooth. The arguments against the death penalty are largely humanitarian (人道主义的). But there are also statistical reasons for opposing it: the deterrence figures do not add up. In Britain, 1903 was the record year for execution and yet in 1904 the number of murders actually rose. There was a similar occurrence in 1946 and 1947. If the deterrence theory were correct, the rate should have fallen. The other reasons to oppose the death penalty are largely a matter of individual conscience and belief. One is that murder is murder and that the state has no more right to take a life than the individual. The other is that Christianity advises forgiveness, not revenge.

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It can be said from the survey that chicken is ______

Chicken soup has curative powers mainly for ______according to Sheraton.

Which of the following statements is NOT true? ______

Since ancient times, the value of chicken soup______

Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? ______