Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky? When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy. Most student leaders don’t want to spend a large amount of time on something they care little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathon’s operations officer for two years. Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students involved in campus organizations. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining. At large universities like Fangmeyer’s, which has more than 40,000 students, the students first of all want to find a way to “belong in their own comer of campus“. Katie Rowley, a Wisconsin senior, confirms the survey’s findings. “I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus but also find a group of friends.“ All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students aren’t thinking about their resumes. “I think that a lot of people do join to ’fatten up their resume’,“ said Heitner. “At the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles.“ But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. For example, in April, several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the university’s complicated bureaucracy. “Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference,“ Fangmeyer said.An extracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because most student leaders are lazy. are stupid. are not rich enough. will not take an interest in it.

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An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of the Department of State. a unity a division an embassy an invasion

Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments. assign persuade ask order

Her behavior is extremely childish. simple immature beautiful foolish

The Dollar in World Markets According to a leading German banker, the U.S. dollar is “the most frequently discussed economic phenomenon of our times.“ He adds, “...the dollar’s exchange rate is at present the most important price in the world economy...“(46)The central banks of many countries hold huge reserves of dollars, and over half of all world trade is priced in terms of dollars. Any shift in the dollar’s exchange rate will benefit some and hurt others.(47). The dollar’s exchange rate has been too volatile and unpredictable. Several years ago the dollar was rapidly declining in value.(48)The rise in the price of foreign goods made it possible for U.S. businesses to raise the price of competing goods produced here, thus worsening inflation. Foreigners who dealt in dollars or who held dollars as reserves were hurt. People in the United States who had borrowed foreign currencies found that they had to pay back more than they borrowed because the declining dollar would buy fewer units of the foreign money.(49). The dollar went soaring upward, and the situation was reversed. United States exporters found it hard to sell abroad because foreigners would have to pay more for U.S. dollars. People in the United States now bought the relatively cheaper foreign goods, and U.S. manufacturers complained that they could not compete. Job losses were often blamed on the “overvalued“ dollar. Poor nations that had borrowed dollars found it difficult to repay both the loans and the interest because they had to use more and more of their own currencies to obtain dollars. (50)We might even return to the gold standard. Fixed exchange rates did not work in the past. Currency values should be determined by market conditions. A drop in the exchange value of a nation’s currency means that it is importing too much, that it is too inefficient to compete in world markets, that it is permitting a high rate of inflation which makes its goods too expensive, that it is going too deeply in debt, or that others have lost confidence in the nation’s stability. A nation should bring its exchange rate back up by addressing these problems, not by interfering with the money market. A The solution to this problem is to end the system of floating exchange rates and return to fixed rates. B Some people suggest, therefore, that the dollar’s value should be more tightly controlled. C The United States lost face in the eyes of the rest of the world. D Because the dollar acts as a world currency, its value affects many nations. E This made it difficult for Americans to purchase foreign goods and services. F Those who borrowed a lot of money from a bank suffered most.

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Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two hundred miles per hour. velocities impulses ratios atrocities

Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized branches. conventionally obviously especially inevitably

There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country. a steady a plentiful an extra a meager

In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production. step up decrease stop control

Gas does accumulate in the mines around here. increase spread collect grow

We also want to use the water to irrigate barren desert land. hairless bare empty bald

The Paper Chase 1 “Running a house is a lot like running a business,“ says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. To get a successful grip on organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips: 2 Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you can’t devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. Store the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work, whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room. 3 When in doubt, throw it out. The first step to implementing a workable filing system is to eliminate paper you don’t use, don’t need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings you’ll never have an opportunity to use or even read. 4 Set aside two days a month to pay bills. If a monthly due date doesn’t fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date. Keep two manila folders at the front of your system for current bills - one to correspond with each bill - paying day and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case the invoice never arrives or gets misplaced. 5 Think of your filing system not as a rigid tool, but as a living, breathing system that can accommodate your changing needs. A good filing system is both mentally and physically flexible. Everyone’s needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filing system, ask yourself: “Where would I look for this?“ Create main headings for your filing system, such as Investments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files.A Find a Place to Work on B Implementing a Workable Filing System C What Is a Good Filing System D How to Invest in a Rolling File Cart E Get Rid of Unimportant Things F Dealing with Bills

Eat Healthy “Clean your plate!“ and “Be a member of the clean-plate club!“ Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it’s accompanied by an appeal: “Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!“ Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying “clean the plate“, perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow. According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little. Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand. Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can’t afford free dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller. It’s not that working class Americans don’t want to eat healthy. It’s just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next year’s Christmas presents.Parents in the United States tend to ask their children to save food. to wash the dishes. not to waste food. not to eat too much.

The Ideal Husband Science now might be able to explain women’s fascination with Brad Pitt’s face and George Clooney’s eyes. Women seem to(51)potential mates by how masculine their features are, new research shows. Men with square jaws and well-defined brow ridges are seen as good short-term partners,(52)those with more feminine traits such as a rounder face and fuller lips are perceived as better long-term mates. In the study by Daniel Kruger at the US’s University of Michigan, 854 subjects viewed a series of(53)head shots that had been digitally changed to exaggerate or minimize masculine traits They then(54)questions about how they expected the men in the photos to behave. Most participants said that those with more masculine features were(55)to be risky, competitive, and more apt to fight, challenge bosses, cheat on spouses and put less effort into parenting. Those with more feminine(56)were seen as good parents and husbands, hard workers and emotionally supportive mates. But, despite all the negative characteristics, when asked who they would choose for a short-term relationship, women selected the more masculine(57)men. Brad and George, both chiseled jaws and well-defined brows, then would be good for a(58)romance, not for something longer. The study was published in the December issue of the US journal Personal Relationships. Kruger said that from an evolutionary perspective, this(59)sense. The key is testosterone, the hormone responsible(60)the development of masculine facial features and other sexual characteristics. It has been found to affect the body’s ability to fight disease: men with high levels of the hormone are typically(61)and healthy-traits women want to pass on to their children. However, increased testosterone has also been linked to(62)and violence in relationships. So, these men(63)produce high quality offspring, but they don’t always make great parents or faithful mates, Kruger says. The scientific community have(64)skepticism toward physiognomy, which links facial characteristics to certain behavioural traits. But Kruger argues that the research is a valuable tool for understanding mating strategies. And, of course, for explaining why Tony Leung and Takeshi Kanesshiro have millions of female(65). It might have to do with their genes. Or something to do with ours. make judge date meet

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Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices. slight surprising sudden harmful

The poet William Carlos Williams was a New Jersey physician. doctor professor physicist resident

The child’s abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor. bad frightening repeated unusual

TV Game Shows One of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the “best seller“ list with a sale of fewer than 100,000 copies, but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well-known overnight. This is the principle behind “quiz“ or “game“ shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money. A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars just for fun. But all of this money can create problems. For instance, in the 1950s, quiz shows were very popular in the US and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. He even had a career as a television personality. But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned out that the show’s producers who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why? Because if the audience didn’t like the person who won the game, they turned the show off. The result of this cheating was a huge scandal. Based on his story, a movie under the title “Quiz Show“ is on 40 years later. Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they aren’t taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliating them. The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV. People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.TV can make a beggar world-famous overnight. Right Wrong Not mentioned

American students join campus organizations mostly for

Who is Katie Rowley?

What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end?

The phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by