试卷名称:2016年职称英语(卫生类)C级真题试卷

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The course gives you basic instruction in car maintenance.  

A.idea

B.term

C.aspect

D.coaching

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Walking Barefoot Can Help Prevent Some Injuries Walking barefoot helps to improve balance,posture and prevent common foot injuries,according to an American researcher. Patrick McKeon,a professor at Ithaca College’ s School of Health Sciences in New York, says the more people go barefoot at home, in the office or outside, the healthier their feet will be. He believes the small,often overlooked muscles in the foot play a vital but underestimated role in movement and stability, similar to the core muscles in the abdomen. The researcher explained their importance by describing the cycle of feedback between the large “extrinsic“(外在的)muscles in the legs and feet, the smaller “intrinsic“(内部的)muscles in the feet,and the neural connections that send information from them to the brain. When this cycle is broken,it can lead to overuse injuries that most athletes are familiar with. Shoes can also have a negative effect on this cycle, McKeon explained. “ When you put a big sole underneath,you put a big dampening effect((阻尼效应)on that information. There’s a missing link that connects the body with its environment. “ Without the information provided by the small muscles in the foot, the larger muscles over-compensate and over-exert beyond the point of their natural ability to maintain and repair themselves. And when these muscles are no longer able to absorb the forces of activity, the forces are transferred to the tendons(肌腱), bones and ligaments(韧带), resulting in an increased risk of injury. McKeon says the only way of reintroducing this link and reactivating the cycle is to take off our shoes and strengthen the muscles in our feet by walking barefoot.
Covering the Cost All by Himself University life is in no way cheap in Canada. It costs Peter Kemp, a computer science major at the British Columbia Institute of Technology in Vancouver, C $ 18,000 a year. Amazingly, the 21-year-old is covering the cost by himself. For the past three years, Kemp has done a range of part-time jobs to pay for his tuition(学费)and living expenses. Last semester alone, he worked five jobs for 32 ~40 hours a week. Life is bus-y, but Kemp enjoys it. “ Doing part-time jobs gives me economic independence,“ said Kemp, who will begin his senior year this fall. “Having economic independence gives me the ability to take control of my life and make my own decisions,“ said Kemp. “ It has also helped me understand the value of money. “ Among Kemp’ s five jobs last semester,two were on campus. For one,he helped maintain the university’s computer labs. For the other, he worked at the IT service desk to help students and teachers solve their computer problems. He also worked for a small company that develops GPS systems. “This job paid him well at C $ 27 an hours. “These jobs made me put what I’ ve learned in university to practical use,“ Kemp said. “I accomplished creative and imaginative tasks by applying my abilities to the work. “ Good time management skills help Kemp balance work and study. He’sa top student in his class. And he will be the student association chairman for his department beginning next semester. It’ s a position that he has desired for a long time. “ It will give me the opportunity to be the voice for my fellow students and make a difference,“ says Kemp. “I believe one of the key secrets to juggling(应付)everything is to avoid putting off tasks. This can leave you stressed and reduce the quality of your work and health,“ he said. “ I often make a list of the things I need to do each day and rank them by their importance. The list helps me decide what task I should do first and when I should complete it. Remember to ask for help when you think you can’ t finish something on time, or can’ t finish it by yourself. “
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Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women A recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were born too small. Babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems with their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease. The World Health Organization estimates that every year twenty million babies are born with low birth weight. Nine out of ten of them are born in developing countries. The new study took place in Dubai. 4,200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with vitamins C and E. They also contained several times more iron than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant women especially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet. The scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins. A report by the scientists,from the United States and Tanzania, appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine. Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School of Public Health led the study. None of the women in the study had HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The scientists reported earlier that daily multi-vitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with HIV. The earlier work in Tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lymphocytes(淋巴细胞). Lymphocytes increase the body’ s immunity against infection. The new study in pregnant women who were not infected with the AIDS virus found that multivitamins reduced the risk of low birth weight. Just under eight percent of the babies born to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. The rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill, instead of the vitamins. But the vitamins did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being born too early or dying while still a fetus. Still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.
Too Many Americans Have Out-of-control High Blood Pressure Nearly 1 in 3 Americans suffers from high blood pressure(hypertension)and many of them don’ t have it under control, says a recent study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCP). According to the report,most people with uncontrolled high blood pressure have health insurance and had actually seen a doctor at least twice in the previous year, yet their condition remained unmanaged. Having high blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke; hypertensive people are 4 times more likely to die from a stroke and 3 times more likely to die from heart disease than people with normal pressure, according to CDCP director Dr. Thomas Frieden. Together, those two conditions cause nearly 1,000 deaths a day in the US and account for $ 131 billion in yearly health-care costs. For the report, researchers looked at 2003—2010 data to examine high blood pressure awareness and treatment among adults with uncontrolled conditions. More than 20,000 adult participants answered survey questions and received a physical exam. The data suggest that some 67 million Americans have high blood pressure,and nearly 36 million of them don’t have their condition under control. Among those, about 14 million don’ t know they’re hypertensive,nearly 6 million are aware but not receiving treatment, and 16 million know they have high blood pressure and are receiving medication for it but still don’t have their pressure under control. “We have to roll up our sleeves and make high blood pressure control a priority every day,with every patient at every doctor’s visit,“ said Frieden.
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