You will hear a radio discussion in which four people are talking about the advertising of children’s toys on television. For questions 24-30, decide which views are expressed by any of the speakers and which are not. Write YES for those views which are expressed, and NO for those which are not expressed.Most young children are aware when advertisements are being shown on television.Interviewer: Today we’re talking about the advertising of toys. With me I have Anna Thompson, a member of an environmental group and mother of three, David Wheeler, father of two and manager of a marketing company, and Jim East here is an Advertising Standards Officer who makes the rules about television advertising in Britain. Anna, first, your group has been asking people to stop and think before they go out and buy more toys. Anna: Yes, parents are under more and more pressure to buy the latest toy for their child and we feel that television advertising is at fault. A lot of it is targeted at children of maybe five or six. There’s evidence that these children don’t distinguish between the advertisements and the programmes so they enjoy the pictures and the stores and then of course they want the product. Interviewer: Do you think though that today’s children are any different from children ten, twenty, even thirty years ago? Anna: If you look at the kind of top toys, you’ll find that 20, 30 years ago the same toys would run over two, three or four years and now you’ll find that there are lots Of new ones each year. We’re talking about the way new things are pushed at kids, every five minutes practically. David: Can I just come in there and say that advertising on British television by toy manufacturers to kids is actually decreasing and it has been for the last six years. Anna: But spending on advertising has increased -- the advertisements which do appear are much more sophisticated and have had more money spent on them. David: But for a toy manufacturer to keep its share of the market, it has to do just that. Traditional toys are having a hard time now from all the other things aimed at kids -- competition from videos, computer games and the rest. What used to be spent on toys now has to be shared with all these newer and probably more exciting products. Interviewer: Jim, what are the rules governing the advertising of toys to children in Britain? Jim: OK, very briefly, advertisers are not allowed to say, “go and ask your parents for this product“. What they show in terms of the product itself has to reflect what the product can actually do, It mustn’t do magical things on television that it can’t do in real life. Interviewer: I’m a mother of four small children myself and what I wonder when I watch the advertisements is how they can show something which I know is tiny and plastic but it’s shot in such a way -- the camera work and the lighting and stuff—that it looks very attractive. Are they allowed, those sorts of advertisements? Jim: Well, in toy advertisements, unlike for other products, advertisers are obliged to show some kind of familiar item that kids will recognise and put it next to the toy so that you can tell how big it really is. Advertisers can, though, show their products in the best light as long as it’s not actually misleading. Interviewer: How about if toy advertisements weren’t allowed until after 8 pm, when most children are in bed. What difference would that make? David? David: Well, very little, I’d say. For a start 8 pm isn’t significant: a quarter of all children’s viewing takes place after that time, even some of the young children, four to sevens, are watching then. But, really why shouldn’t the kids see the adverts? Anna: Because advertising is teaching kids that they can use something a few times and then throw it away. It doesn’t do them any good and it certainly doesn’t do the planet any good. Jim: I have to say that we deal with all the complaints about toy advertising on television and we get a handful each year. The research we’ve done indicates that the majority of people find toy advertising acceptable. Interviewer: Well, we have to leave it there, so thank you. YES NO

You hear part of an interview in which a film director talks about his favourite movie. Why does he like the film?Interviewer: So, do you have a favourite movie? Director: Oh ... that’s difficult. Well ... I think it has to be The Agents, the Mel Rivers movie. I like it because it reminds you that no matter how hard life is, or how many times you get knocked down by bad situations, things can get a whole lot worse. Interviewer: When did you first see it? Director: On television, late one night... I must have been about 16. There were moments when I just couldn’t stop laughing. It’s anarchic and silly, but it’s very warm. I love the friendship that develops between the two main characters. It is very funny. It is very exciting. It is very romantic.

Before his retirement, Brian worked as a pilot for a company called (9)______ for a long time. Brian feels like a bird when flying his micro light because he doesn’t have a (10)______ around him. Brian disagrees with the suggestion that steering a micro light is like steering a (11)______ Brian’s record-breaking flight ended in (12)______ Brian organised his flight in advance to avoid needing other people as (13)______ on the way. Brian’s micro light was modified so that it could carry more (14)______ on board. It took Brian (15)______ to plan the record-breaking flight. Brian feels that flying over miles and miles of (16)______ was the most dangerous part of the trip. Brian describes his navigation system as both (17)______ and easy to use. Brian says that his main problem on the flight was the fact that he became very (18)______Interviewer: Now, today I have with me Brian Cole ford and he’s someone who spends a lot of time up in the air in that smallest of aircraft, the micro light. Hallo Brian. Brian: Hallo. Interviewer: But it’s more than just a hobby, isn’t it? Brian: Oh yes, I learned to fly when I was at university and I worked as a British Airways pilot for many years until my retirement. These days I spend a lot of my time helping people who want to learn how to fly a micro light, as well as other types of aircraft, at a local flying club. Interviewer: Tell us about the micro light Brian: Well, it’s like a very small aircraft, which is powered by an engine. The thing with micro light flying is that it’s the closest you can get to actually feeling like a bird because you’re out in the open air, there’s no cabin or anything around you. Interviewer: Oh I see ... Brian: And although it’s powered, the way it’s controlled is by moving your own weight, you steer it by moving your body one way or another. Interviewer: So you have to lean over like you would on a motorbike? Brian: You don’t lean really, you actually have to push. So you have to be quite fit especially for a long flight. Interviewer: Which brings us on to the other thing which I know about you and that is that you’ve recently broken a world record. Tell us about that. Brian: Well, it involved flying over four continents because I left from London and flew over Europe, Africa and Asia on the way to Australia. No one had ever done that before in a micro light. Interviewer: The organisation for a long flight must be very difficult indeed, Brian. Surely you didn’t do it all on your own? Brian: Yes, I had no helpers. It was a matter of planning my route in advance and finding out where I’d be able to get fuel en route and knowing how far I could plan to travel safely each day. Interviewer: So how far can you travel on one tank of fuel? Brian: Well, I had a special fuel tank fitted -- that was the only way in which my micro light was modified for the flight. So that meant I had enough fuel to be able to do about eight hours. The actual distance I covered depended on the winds, of course, but the still-air distance was round about 500 miles a day. It took nine months to plan the 49-day flight, and for each leg I filed a flight plan so that each airport I would land at knew that I was on the way, and if I didn’t arrive within half an hour of the time I’d stated, then they’d have started looking for me. Interviewer: Yes I’m sure that’s very necessary. What radio, if any, did you have? Brian: Yes; I had a two-way VHF radio, but the range of that was only 70 miles, so there was a lot of time when I was out of radio contact with anybody. I crossed thousands of miles of desert and mountain which is quite dangerous, of course, should anything go wrong, and 5,000 miles of the trip was over the sea, which is even more so. Interviewer: So how did you find your way? Brian: Well, I had a navigation system which uses satellite signals. It was really easy to use and, I must say, very accurate. I couldn’t say I had any problems in knowing where I was or which way I was going. Interviewer: And what sort of protection did you have? I mean, you weren’t just dangling in the cold air, were you? Brian: Yeah, I just wear a warm flying suit and warm clothes underneath. The coldest was going over the Alps, it was minus 28 degrees there, because I was quite high up. But actually feeling tired was my real problem because it was often dark by the time I landed and I was leaving again at first light. I was never hungry because I was met by such great hospitality everywhere I went. Although sadly i didn’t get to see much of the places I visited. Interviewer: Well, Brian, many congratulations. It’s a wonderful achievement and thank you very much for coming in today and talking about ...

You will hear five different people speaking on the subject of motorbikes. For questions 19-23, choose the phrase (A-F) which best summarises what each speaker is talking about. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use. A the perfect passenger B a feeling of power C a lengthy career D the best way to learn E a family business F a break with routineSpeaker 1Man: There’s nothing like getting on a motorbike, it’s wonderful. All my life, I’ve never travelled any other way. I was eleven years of age when I first started on my brother’s bike. I had my iicence in 1955 and when a company in Birmingham advertised for a test rider, I applied and got it. I had to ride all the bikes they made from 1957 through to 1978 which included hill climbs, reliability trials and speedway races. After the company closed down, I did trick riding with my brother. We called ourselves ’The Partners Dare’, but by then, of course, it was only a hobby.

There are fewer toy advertisements on British television than there used to be.

Parents are spending increasing amounts of their money on traditional toys.

Advertisers have to indicate the actual size of toys advertised on television.

Children would be less influenced by toy advertisements if they were only shown after 8:00 pm.

Advertising encourages children to lose interest in their toys very quickly.

Evidence shows that most people are worried about toy advertising on television.