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试卷名称:浙江大学英语三级模拟试卷30

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Enviably healthy Denmark is leading the way in taxing unhealthy food. Why are they doing it, and will it work? The Danish government’s now infamous, since “fat tax“ has caused an international uproar. It’s praised by public health advocates on the one hand and dismissed on the other as a nanny state whose social engineering has gone violent. I see it as one country’s attempt to stave off rising obesity (肥胖症) rates, when other options seem less feasible. But the policies appear confusing. Why Denmark of all places? Why particular foods? Will such taxes really change eating behaviour? And aren’t there better ways to halt or reverse rising rates of diet-related chronic (慢性的) diseases? Before getting to these questions, let’s look at what Denmark has done. In 2009, its government announced a major tax overhaul aimed at softening the shock of the global economic crisis, promoting renewable energy, protecting the environment, discouraging climate change, and improving health—all while maintaining revenues, of course. The tax reforms make it more expensive to produce products likely to harm the environment and to consume products potentially harmful to health, specifically tobacco, ice cream, chocolate, candy, sugar-sweetened soft drinks, and foods containing lots of fats. Taxes pay for this through policies that maintain a relatively narrow gap between the incomes of the rich and the poor. Because its level of income disparity (差异) is relatively low, the effects of health taxes are less hard on the poor than in many other countries. But the Danes want their health to be better. Life expectancy in Denmark is 79 years, at least two years below that in Japan or Iceland. The stated goal of the tax policies is to increase life expectancy as well as to reduce the burden and cost of illness from diet-related diseases.

In the author’s opinion, what is the purpose of Denmark’s exerting “fat tax“?

A．To attract public advocates.

B．To set up a nanny state.

C．To stave off rising obesity rates.

D．To change medical conditions.

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What was the aim of the major tax overhaul of Denmark in 2009?

A．Decreasing the chronic disease rate.

B．Softening the shock of the global economic crisis.

C．Prohibiting the production of unhealthy food.

D．Changing medical conditions.

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Why does the Danish government tax such products as tabacco?

A．Because this tax could narrow the income gap.

B．Because tabacco could pollute the environment.

C．Because this tax could discourage climate change.

D．Because these products may harm the environment and health.

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In Denmark, the effects of health taxes are less hard on the poor because______.

A．the level of income disparity is relatively low

B．the purpose of taxing is to improve economy

C．the taxes aim at softening the shock of climate change

D．the taxes make products more expensive

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What is the goal of the tax policies in Denmark?

A．To realize the effects of health taxes.

B．To reduce the health taxes of Denmark.

C．To increase life expectancy and reduce the burden of illness.

D．To reduce the consumption of unhealthy products.

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When caught in pouring rain without an umbrella, most people pick up their pace. But an old tale 【T1】______that a person who runs in the rain gets wetter than one who walks. It sounds【T2】______that when someone runs up and down, the body is【T3】______to more drops of water. But several studies have put this【T4】______to the test and found it not to be true. One such test was carried out in 1987. The Italian【T5】______who did the experiment said that if the distance is short enough, running gets a person less wet than walking. But running only keeps you about 10% drier. That is to say, running isn’t【T6】______the effort and it made no difference whether a person walked or ran. Two American scientists did a much more careful experiment than the【T7】______one. 【T8】______They also found’that runners like to lean forward,【T9】______. However, they said running in the rain probably keeps you drier than walking. But do remember to take an umbrella with you! 【T10】______.

Enviably healthy Denmark is leading the way in taxing unhealthy food. Why are they doing it, and will it work? The Danish government’s now infamous, since “fat tax“ has caused an international uproar. It’s praised by public health advocates on the one hand and dismissed on the other as a nanny state whose social engineering has gone violent. I see it as one country’s attempt to stave off rising obesity (肥胖症) rates, when other options seem less feasible. But the policies appear confusing. Why Denmark of all places? Why particular foods? Will such taxes really change eating behaviour? And aren’t there better ways to halt or reverse rising rates of diet-related chronic (慢性的) diseases? Before getting to these questions, let’s look at what Denmark has done. In 2009, its government announced a major tax overhaul aimed at softening the shock of the global economic crisis, promoting renewable energy, protecting the environment, discouraging climate change, and improving health—all while maintaining revenues, of course. The tax reforms make it more expensive to produce products likely to harm the environment and to consume products potentially harmful to health, specifically tobacco, ice cream, chocolate, candy, sugar-sweetened soft drinks, and foods containing lots of fats. Taxes pay for this through policies that maintain a relatively narrow gap between the incomes of the rich and the poor. Because its level of income disparity (差异) is relatively low, the effects of health taxes are less hard on the poor than in many other countries. But the Danes want their health to be better. Life expectancy in Denmark is 79 years, at least two years below that in Japan or Iceland. The stated goal of the tax policies is to increase life expectancy as well as to reduce the burden and cost of illness from diet-related diseases.

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In some countries, people favor staying together______(尽管有更多的空间).

_____(如果她今天出发去上海), she will get there by Saturday.

As we all know, he is easy-going,______(这使他结交了很多朋友).

Our environment is getting worse and worse with the increase of the world population, which affects the environment in two ways. Firstly, the limited energy resources will be used up much faster. Secondly, the increasing population creates more pollution, another severe problem that needs to be solved. Both problems are long-term ones because action taken now shows their results slowly over many years. They are also urgent because delays in action can lead to great suffering and social problems. The question seems to be difficult to handle for most people. However, a person can be a protector of environment in everyday life if he takes action to save the environment right now. With the development of technology, cars make transportation easier and quicker than before, but we can’t ignore the disadvantages brought to us by more and more cars in use. For example, we are consuming gasoline (汽油), which is a non-renewable (不可再生的) resource, and will soon be gone. Moreover, the exhausted gas from cars pollutes our air, and our health is therefore threatened by air pollution, which has a big potential effect on our daily life. So we can consider walking, taking buses, carpooling (拼车), instead of driving cars alone. This seems to be a very slow process that can’t be so effective if it’s taken by a single person. But when more and more people become aware of the importance and positively take it as their personal responsibilities, the condition of the air will be improved to a great extent.

According to the latest news,______(篮球比赛不得不推迟)until next week.

When Mr. Zhou was sick last week,______(他的三个儿子轮流照顾他).

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