The people who multitask(同时执行多项任务)the most are the ones who are worst at it. That’s the surprising conclusion of researchers at Stanford University, who found multitaskers are more easily distracted and less able to ignore irrelevant information than people who do less multitasking. In a telephone interview, Clifford Nass, a professor at Stanford’s communications department, said that the huge finding is that the more media people use the worse they are at using any media. The researchers studied 262 college undergraduates, dividing them into high and low multitasking groups and comparing such things as memory, ability to switch from one task to another and being able to focus on a task. Their findings were reported in Tuesday’s edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. In the study, the researchers first had to figure out who are the heavy and light multitaskers. They gave the students a form listing a variety of media such as print, television, computer-based video, music, computer games, telephone voice or text, and so forth. When it came to such essential abilities, people who did a lot of multitasking didn’t score as well as others, Nass said. Still to be answered is why the folks who are worst at multitasking are the ones doing it the most. It’s sort of a chicken-or-egg question. Nass wanted to find out multitasking is causing them to be lousy(差劲的)at multitasking, or their lousiness at multitasking is causing them to be multitaskers. He also wanted to know it is born or learned. In a society that seems to encourage more and more multitasking, the findings have social implications(影响), Nass observed. Multitasking is already blamed for car crashes as several states restrict the use of cell phones while driving. Lawyers or advertisers can try to use irrelevant information to distract and re focus people to influence their decisions.

M: Would you like the vegetables or the fish? They all taste good. W: Actually, I like anything but seafood. Q: What does the woman mean? She likes seafood. She hates seafood. She has tried the fish. She thinks the vegetables taste better.

The price of beer______(从50美分到4美元不等)per liter during the summer season.

I have had a great deal of trouble______(跟上班里其他同学).

The playwright David Henry Hwang has been in high demand in recent years—not for works like his Tony Award-winning M. Butterfly, which is essentially banned there,【C1】______because of his standing as the only son of Asia to be【C2】______regularly on Broadway. In 2005 he was【C3】______to Shanghai to discuss Broadway-style shows that might fill the lavish (耗费巨大的) cultural centers under【C4】______across the country. Yet our appreciation for status symbols【C5】______Broadway and Mr. Hwang did not translate into understanding more ordinary aspects of American life. “We【C6】______to one brand-new cultural center that had extremely beautiful Italian marble (大理石), fine Brazilian wood, smart German design and these horribly【C7】______signs for handicapped restrooms that read, ’Deformed Man’s Toilet,’“ Mr. Hwang recalled. “You saw this over and over—an eagerness【C8】______Chinese and Americans to impress one another,【C9】______wildly basic misunderstandings because of language and cultural【C10】______I realized I’d never seen a play【C11】______with this aspect, where the characters are trying to understand each other【C12】______keeping the dignity of their own language.“ Mr. Hwang’s latest play, Chinglish, now【C13】______preview performances on Broadway at the Longacre Theater, is his【C14】______to grapple (努力应付) with East-West relations from a good【C15】______that is new for him. Starting with his earliest plays at Stanford—his first, FOB, went straight【C16】______a dormitory production to a run at the Public Theater in New York in 1980—he has【C17】______multiculturalism, the stranger-in-a-strange-land tensions that【C18】______Asian-Americans and others of hyphenated ethnicity. With Chinglish, 【C19】______has no Asian-American characters, Mr. Hwang has moved on from multiculturalism to consider internationalism today, specifically the frustrations【C20】______by Americans and Chinese who are united in capitalist greed but divided by their cultural sensibilities.

W: Excuse me,(11)I work for an advertising agency and I’m doing some research for a new magazine for people like you, I mean, people between 25 and 35 years old. Could I ask you some questions? M: Of course, go ahead, please. W: Well, um, what do you like to do on weekends? M: Well, on Fridays, my wife always goes to exercise class then visits friends. W: Don’t you go out? M: Not on Fridays.(12)I never go out on Fridays. I stay at home and watch television. W: What about Saturdays? M: On Saturdays, my wife and I always go sailing together. W: Really? M: Yeah, we love it and never miss it. And then in the evening, we go out. W: Where to? M: Different places. We sometimes go and see friends, and sometimes go to a movie or a restaurant. We always go out on Saturday evenings. W: I see. And then Sundays? M: Nothing special for Sundays. We often go for a walk. I always cook a big Sunday lunch. W: Oh, how often do you do the cooking? M: Um, two or three times a week. W: Thank you very much. All I need now are your personal details: your name, job and so on.(13)What is your surname? M: Robinson.(13)I’m sorry I can only tell you my name. 11. What is the main purpose of the woman’s research? 12. What does the man do on Fridays? 13. What personal detail does the man give in the end? To make preparations for a new publication. To learn how couples spend their weekends. To find out how housework is shared in a family. To know what people do at the weekend.

If you want to improve your child’s results at school,【T1】______that they do plenty of exercise. Scientists have already shown that physical activity can make your children【T2】______. But a team in America has used scans to show that an important part of the brain【T3】______grows in children who are fit. These youngsters【T4】______to be more intelligent and have better memories than those who are【T5】______. Scientists also found that one of the most important parts of their brains was 12% larger than that of 【T6】______youngsters. They believe that encouraging children to take exercise from a very young age could help them【T7】______better at school later. Researchers from the University of Illinois, in the US, studied the brains of 49 children aged nine and ten using a magnetic resonance(共振)imaging scan, 【T8】______. And the findings had important implications for【T9】______. According to the professor of the study, experience, environmental and economic factors all impact brain development.【T10】______, then do exercise.

When prices are low people will buy more, and when prices are high they will buy less. Every shopkeeper knows this. But at the same time, producers want higher prices for their goods when they make more goods. How can we find the best price for the goods? The Law of Supply and Demand is the economist’s answer to this question. According to this law. changes in the prices of goods cause changes in supply and demand. An increase in the price of the goods causes an increase in supply—the number of goods the producers make. Producers will make more goods when they can get higher prices for the goods. The producer makes more shoes as the price of shoes goes up. At the same time, an increase in the price of the goods causes a decrease in demand—the number of goods the consumers buy. This is because people buy less when the price is high. People buy fewer shoes as the price of shoes goes up. Conversely, a decrease in the price causes an increase in demand(people buy more shoes)and a decrease in supply(producers make fewer shoes). Business firms look at both supply and demand when they make decisions about prices and production. They look for the equilibrium point where supply equals demand. At this point, the number of shoes produced is 3 000 and the price of the shoes is $ 30. $ 30 is the equilibrium price: at this price the consumers will buy all of the 3 000 shoes which the producers make. If the producers increase the price of the shoes, or if they produce more than 3 000 shoes, the consumers will not buy all of the shoes. The producers will have a surplus(过剩)—more supply than demand—so they must decrease the price in order to sell all of the shoes. On the other hand, if they make fewer than 3 000 shoes, there will be a shoes shortage—more demand than supply—and the price will go up. According to the Law of Supply and Demand, the equilibrium price is the best price for the goods. The consumers and the producers will agree on this price because it is the only price that helps them both equally.

We often think of agriculture as planting seeds and harvesting crops. But many crops do not come from seeds. Many kinds of trees and plants are grown from【D1】______cut from existing trees and plants. This is called grafting (嫁接). Farmers cut branches or young growths, called【D2】______, from one plant and place them on a related kind of plant. The branch or bud that is grafted is called a scion (接穗). The plant that【D3】______the graft is called the rootstock. Over time, the【D4】______from the two plants grow together. The grafted plant begins to【D5】______the leaves and fruit of the scion, not the rootstock. A graft can be cut in several ways. A cleft graft (割接，劈接), for example, requires a scion with several buds on it. The bottom of the scion is cut in the【D6】______of the letter V. A place is cut in the rootstock to accept the scion. The scion is then【D7】______placed into the cut on the rootstock. Growth medium is put on the【D8】______to keep it wet and help the growth. Grafting can join scions with【D9】______qualities to the rootstock that is strong and resists disease and insects. Some common fruit trees such as sweet cherries have to be grafted. In an age of high-technology agriculture, grafting is a low-technology method that remains【D10】______important. A) accepts F) desirable K) parts B) agreeable G) extremely L) pieces C) blossoms H) gradually M) produce D) buds I) grow N) securely E) composes J) joint O) shape

But for her help,______(我不可能这么早完成).

He wears a pair of sunglasses______(唯恐别人认出他来).

W: We haven’t had anything fun for a long time. How about going swimming in the gym tonight? M: OK, that’s a great idea! Q: Where are the speakers going this evening? To the gym. To the beach. To the recreation center. To the sports center.

W: Look at these clothes designed by top fashion designers! What do you think of them? M: Well,(14)they look lovely, but they’re not very practical. I mean, would you wear that dress to the office or walking down the street? W: I know what you mean. People would stare at you in amazement if you wore something like that in an everyday situation. I suppose only rich people wear them at cocktail parties. M: Maybe. I’m not sure why they have fashion shows like this.(14)Buying these clothes seems like a waste of money. W: I think that the designers hold these fashion shows for a few reasons. First, they can meet each other and the other thing is that it is a good way of advertisement because many journalists and photographers are there. Thirdly, it gives them a chance to show what they would like to see people wearing. M: Well,(15)in my opinion, most of them do this mainly for publicity. They try to see who will be the most stylish designer. Ws Come on. All these clothes have reminded me that I want to buy some clothes.(16)You’ll go to Chanel with me this afternoon, won’t you? 14. What does the man think of the fashion clothes? 15. Why do most designers hold fashion shows according to the man? 16. What will the woman do probably? They are a symbol of people’s status. They don’t look as good as what the designers say. They are impractical and a waste of money. Only rich people can afford to wear them.

A hobby can be almost anything that a person likes to do in his spare time. People take up hobbies because these activities offer enjoyment, friendship and relaxation. Hobbies help people relax after a long time of hard work, and provide a balance between work and play. Hobbies offer interesting activities for the old. Some hobbies can make a child grow as a person, develop his interest and help him learn new skills. Hobbies can also help a patient to keep healthy. (17)Doctors have found that hobbies are useful in helping patients recover from various illnesses. Hobbies give patients who can’t move around something to do, and provide interests that keep them from thinking about themselves. Many hospitals treat patients by having them take up interesting hobbies. Anyone, old or young, sick or well, rich or poor, can follow a good hobby, in spite of his age, health or money. (18)In early times, most people were too busy making a living to have many hobbies. But some people who had spare time did enjoy hobbies. The ancient Egyptians played games with balls made of wood. (19)People today have more time than ever before for hobbies, because machines have now reduced much time that people must spend on their jobs. 17. How do hobbies benefit patients according to doctors? 18. Why did most people spend less time on their hobbies in early times? 19. How do machines benefit people now according to the passage? 20. What’s the speaker’s opinion about hobbies? They help patients recover from illnesses. They keep patients thinking about themselves. They help patients learn new skills. They help patients ease the suffering.

The people who multitask(同时执行多项任务)the most are the ones who are worst at it. That’s the surprising conclusion of researchers at Stanford University, who found multitaskers are more easily distracted and less able to ignore irrelevant information than people who do less multitasking. In a telephone interview, Clifford Nass, a professor at Stanford’s communications department, said that the huge finding is that the more media people use the worse they are at using any media. The researchers studied 262 college undergraduates, dividing them into high and low multitasking groups and comparing such things as memory, ability to switch from one task to another and being able to focus on a task. Their findings were reported in Tuesday’s edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. In the study, the researchers first had to figure out who are the heavy and light multitaskers. They gave the students a form listing a variety of media such as print, television, computer-based video, music, computer games, telephone voice or text, and so forth. When it came to such essential abilities, people who did a lot of multitasking didn’t score as well as others, Nass said. Still to be answered is why the folks who are worst at multitasking are the ones doing it the most. It’s sort of a chicken-or-egg question. Nass wanted to find out multitasking is causing them to be lousy(差劲的)at multitasking, or their lousiness at multitasking is causing them to be multitaskers. He also wanted to know it is born or learned. In a society that seems to encourage more and more multitasking, the findings have social implications(影响), Nass observed. Multitasking is already blamed for car crashes as several states restrict the use of cell phones while driving. Lawyers or advertisers can try to use irrelevant information to distract and re focus people to influence their decisions.

Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than a child who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. It is easy to show that ntelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We could soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.

I’d rather you______(不采取任何措施)about it for the time being.

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 说明：以Daniel Trade公司市场部经理李华的身份于6月15日给John Holland先生写一封催款信，信中应当包括以下内容。 1．问及Holland先生近况； 2．要求Holland先生尽快支付10 000元的货款，该笔款项已经过期(overdue)10天； 3．随信寄上公司最新的夏季产品目录，希望Holland先生尽早寄来新的订单，可享受公司的优惠价格(special offers)。注意：务必按业务信函的格式书写。

According to the first paragraph, the multitaskers are likely to______.

According to Clifford Nass, the research showed that______.

What should the scientists do first in the research of the undergraduates?

What did Clifford Nass want to find out in the research?

Why is the use of cell phones while driving restricted in some states?