When Rowland Hill, little more than a hundred years ago, first advocated the introduction of cheap postage in England, he had to face many opponents of the scheme: some said that it would not pay, others said that it was unworkable. But Hill, supported by general public opinion, eventually overcame opposition, and late in 1839 the Penny Post was established. From then until the First World War the cost of sending a letter any distance within the United Kingdom remained at one penny. The gloomy prophecies of the critics were not fulfilled: the profits of the Post Office were maintained and improvements in transport and administration made it possible not only to handle the increased volume of correspondence but also to extend postal facilities. Before this great change took place, the charge for sending a letter varied according to the distance the letter was carried and had to be paid for on delivery by the person to whom it was addressed. The lowest charge was four pence and for long distances as much as eighteen pence. Such high rates, when wages were low, could rarely be afforded by poor people, who were often compelled to refuse letters from their dear ones because they were unable to pay. Under the new scheme, a letter was paid for by the sender, who affixed to it an adhesive postage stamp, the cost of which was within reach of all. Thus the poor were enabled to exchange news with their relations and friends at a time when many of them had left their homes to seek work elsewhere. Businessmen also found cheap postage a boom and, since it soon turned out to be a great financial success, the new scheme was, before long, adopted by every civilized country in the world—a final tribute to the wisdom and vision of its promoter.

______指学生必须掌握的英语基础知识与基本技能，包括基本概念、基本规律及由内容所反映的思想方法，也可以称之为英语教学的核心知识。

《义务教育英语课程标准》(2011年版)将英语学习策略分为认知策略、调控策略、交际策略及______。

“A little learning is a dangerous thing: Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring “ That is a famous quote from______. An Essay on Criticism by Alexander Pope Hamlet by William Shakespeare Of Studies by Francis Bacon The American Scholar by Ralph Waldo Emerson

The farmers eat only 20 percent of fruits they grow, the rest of which ______ sold to the supermarket. is are was were

You can get off the bus one or two stops______and walk the rest of the way to work every day so as to take some exercise. more early earliest early earlier

From the moment babies are born, parents are helping them to be released into the world, not to ______them or to control their lives for the rest of life. hold on to put up with give in to break up with

Unfortunately, his gambling and drinking habits make him a very______person. self-reflective self-confident self-conscious self-destructive

Which of the following has the proper word stress? Climatic climaTic cliMatic climatic

Which of the following consonants does not fall under the same category according to the voicing? [m] [b] [d] [p]

From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space to the setting up of space stations, human beings have been putting great effort into space research. And so far, we have achieved many successes. But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not cease trying to progress. The international space station is an important step we should take in space exploration. It is not only helpful but also essential. It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time. It is also a base for the observations of the earth and the universe. It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars. In a word, if we want to explore space more, the first thing we should do is to set up a space station. As the space station costs a lot of money, it is hard for one country alone to establish one. The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone, and it has tried to do so, but not very successful. So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together. Though it is still extremely expensive, it is much cheaper than doing it alone. It is really a job that needs everyone’s effort and will benefit everyone. But even so, the funds needed are still a big problem. As for the USA, it seems that it has too many things to spend its money on. Although it is the richest country in the world, it has much debt every year. It has to make arrangements about its finance, and try to find a balance in all these issues.

When Rowland Hill, little more than a hundred years ago, first advocated the introduction of cheap postage in England, he had to face many opponents of the scheme: some said that it would not pay, others said that it was unworkable. But Hill, supported by general public opinion, eventually overcame opposition, and late in 1839 the Penny Post was established. From then until the First World War the cost of sending a letter any distance within the United Kingdom remained at one penny. The gloomy prophecies of the critics were not fulfilled: the profits of the Post Office were maintained and improvements in transport and administration made it possible not only to handle the increased volume of correspondence but also to extend postal facilities. Before this great change took place, the charge for sending a letter varied according to the distance the letter was carried and had to be paid for on delivery by the person to whom it was addressed. The lowest charge was four pence and for long distances as much as eighteen pence. Such high rates, when wages were low, could rarely be afforded by poor people, who were often compelled to refuse letters from their dear ones because they were unable to pay. Under the new scheme, a letter was paid for by the sender, who affixed to it an adhesive postage stamp, the cost of which was within reach of all. Thus the poor were enabled to exchange news with their relations and friends at a time when many of them had left their homes to seek work elsewhere. Businessmen also found cheap postage a boom and, since it soon turned out to be a great financial success, the new scheme was, before long, adopted by every civilized country in the world—a final tribute to the wisdom and vision of its promoter.

For this part, you are supposed to write a short passage on the topic The Popularity of Micro-blog. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese: (1)现在很多人热衷于用微博来表达心声； (2)微博中可能存在的问题； (3)在我看来……

学习档案袋、每日报告和演讲都是______评价常用的评价方式。

效度是指一套测试是否达到预定的目的以及是否测量了要测量的内容。效度可以分为四种：内容效度，结构效度，______，______。

Ode to the West Wind was written by______. William Blake William Wordsworth Samuel Taylor Coleridge Percy B.Shelly

______may have a chance to be successful if he tries his best. None Nobody Somebody Everybody

Don’t spit! You see, bad habits, ______formed, are hard to kick. as unless once though

With the______of society, our environment is becoming worse and worse. So what we should do is______our environment. develop: protect developing: to protect development: protect development: to protect

______, the more severe the winters are. The more north you go The farther you go the north The more you go north The farther north you go

By the end of this semester, we surely______ a satisfactory solution to the problem. have found will find will have found are finding

The new postal scheme was adopted by every civilized country in the world ______.

Under the old system the poor had frequently been compelled to refuse letters______.

Postal facilities were extended after the introduction of the Penny Post______.

Rowland Hill’s system is known as the “Penny post“ ______.

“Some said that it(i. e. Rowland Hill’s scheme)would not pay“ means______.