Chocolate could soon be a thing of the past, after scientists warned that the cacao plant, from which chocolate is made, could be【C1】ext________within 32 years. [*] Over half of the world’ s chocolate comes from just two countries in West Africa—Cote d’ Ivoire and Ghana— where the temperature, rain, and humidity provide the perfect【C2】con________for cacao to thrive. But the threat of rising temperatures over the next three decades, caused by climate change, is expected to result in a loss of moisture from the ground, which scientists say could 【C3】________(upset) this delicate balance. According to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a temperature rise of just 2.1 degrees【C4】ce________ could spell an end for the chocolate industry worldwide by 2050. Farmers in the region are already looking at moving cacao production areas thousands of feet uphill into mountainous terrain—much of which is currently【C5】________(preserve) for wildlife. But a move of this scale could destroy ecosystems that are already under threat from illegal farming and【C6】def________. Part of the problem, according to Doug Hawkins from London-based research firm Hardman Agribusiness, is that cacao farming methods have not changed for hundreds of years. “Unlike other tree crops that have benefited from the development of modern, high yielding cultivars and crop management techniques to realize their genetic potential, more than 90% of the global cacao crop is produced by smallholders on subsistence farms with unimproved planting material, and all the indicators are that we could be looking at a chocolate【C7】________ (deficit) of 100,000 tonnes a year in the next few years. “ Hawkins told Mail Online. Now scientists at the University of California at Berkeley have teamed up with American confectionery company Mars, in an attempt to keep chocolate on the menu. Using the【C8】cont________ gene-editing technology known as CRISPR they are trying to develop a version of the cacao plant capable of surviving—and thriving—in dryer, warmer climates. CRISPR has received widespread media attention. However, Jennifer Doudna, the UC Berkeley geneticist who invented CRISPR, thinks its【C9】________useful effects will be on plants rather than humans. “Personally, I’d love a tomato plant with fruit that stayed on the vine longer,“ Doudna, who is an avid gardener, told Business Insider. If the team’ s work on the cacao plant is successful, it could remove the need for farmers in West Africa to【C10】rel________to higher ground, and perhaps even allow cacao to be grown elsewhere in the world.

1. M： Hello, Mary. This is John at the office. Is Tom feeling any better today? W： Oh, yes, John. He’s feeling much better now. But the doctor says he will have to stay in bed until Monday. Question： Where is Tom now? 2. M： Do you have a single room with bath for tonight and tomorrow night? W： Just a moment, sir. Well, we haven’t any singles left, I’m afraid. But we could let you have a twin-bedded room for the same price. Question： What’s the woman’s job? 3. W： This is Mrs. Anderson. My heater is not getting any power and the temperature is going to get down below zero. Could you come over and fix it? M： Don’t worry, Madam. I’ll be there in a minute. Question： What’s the man’s occupation? 4. M： Could you tell me how many women employees do you have in your company? W： Certainly. We have a very high percentage of female employees. We employ 80 women, which is eighty percent of all our staff. Question： How many of the employees in this company are men? 5. M： How can I finish all these problems before midnight? W： Why not leave some for the morning? Question： What is the woman’s suggestion to the man? At the office. On the way to work. Home in bed. Away on vacation.

Denise is asking Ken to help her find a job.Listen to the conversation, and mark each statement as either true（T） or false（F） according to what you hear. W： Oh, Ken, I’ve been meaning to talk to you. M： Denise! What’s up? W： I have this great job lined up to manage a clothing store at the mall. M： So what’s the problem? W： Well, one of the professors in my department just told me about a summer internship that is available. She thinks I might be able to practice in the office at the Wayfarer Hotel here in town. M： That sounds like a great opportunity, too. Why not take advantage of it? W： I’d love to, especially since I’m studying hotel management. It would be a great way to get some practical experience in my field. M： And you never know it might lead to something with them after graduation. They’re one of the biggest hotel chains in the area. W： You’re right. But the problem is that I wouldn’t be making nearly as much money as I would be working in the clothing store. Not to mention the discount I’d get on clothes there. M： How much money can you get from your practice work? W： Very little money. But I can get a free room and board for the summer. M： Well, if I were you, I’d take it anyway. You can always get a job in the next school year to make a few extra bucks. TRUE FALSE

Which country did Norway belong to before 1905?In this section, you will hear five short news items. Each item will be read only once. After each item, there will be a fifteen-second pause. During the pause, read the question and the four choices marked A， B， C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre. 16. Both Ireland and Norway are small countries on the fringes of Europe. Oppressed by the British since the 12th century, the Irish movement toward independence had never ceased until the founding of the Republic of Ireland in 1949. As for Norway, it became an independent kingdom in 1905, following its own history of being given to Sweden by Denmark in 1814. 17. The Internet is a busy place. Every second, approximately 6,000 tweets are tweeted; more than 40,000 Google queries are searched; and more than 2 million emails are sent, according to Internet Live Stats, a website of the international Real Time Statistics Project. But these statistics only hint at the size of the Web. As of September 2014, there were 1 billion websites on the Internet, a number that fluctuates by the minute as sites go defunct and others are born. 18. Overseas tourists will find it easier and faster to apply for a travel permit to Tibet this year as the regional government makes efforts to boost tourism. Tibet plans to brand itself as the world’s “Third Pole” and hopes to attract 40 million visits from tourists this year by providing more convenient and friendly services as well as significantly improving accessibility for visitors, Qi Zhala said in a government work report to the annual session of the regional people’s congress, which started on Thursday in Lhasa. 19. People from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan who live on the Chinese mainland can apply for teaching credentials for primary and secondary schools, giving them easier access to jobs. They can apply to take the teaching credentials test and work at kindergartens, primary schools, middle schools, high schools and secondary vocational schools, according to a guideline issued on Thursday by the Ministry of Education and the State Council’s Taiwan Affairs Office and Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office. 20. When Japan selected a defining symbol to summarize the country’s 2018, it wasn’t surprising that they chose the Chinese character for “disaster”—the second time since 1995. Last year, the island nation was defined by unprecedented heat waves, storms and floods that resulted in hundreds of deaths and millions forced to evacuate their homes. More than 200 people perished in July in deadly floods that ravaged large areas of the country. Not long after, dozens died in a record-breaking heat wave that hospitalized more than 20,000 people. Ireland. Sweden. Denmark. Britain.

Dictation Listen to the passage. For questions 21 -25, fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. Chengdu, capital of Sichuan province, served as a major【D1】________thousands of years ago because of its silk, tea and lacquer. Today, it is【D2】________ a greater opportunity offered by the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative to connect, to a wider world. To gain more from the initiative, Chengdu has improved its transportation network by building international air routes and【D3】________ railways to transform itself from a hinterland , about 1,700 kilometers away from the nearest port, to a frontier of the nation’ s opening-up policy. Over the past five years, Chengdu has【D 4】________ the highest frequency of train service to Europe and sent the most China-EU freight trains, including 1,591 trains in 2018. The express railway now looks at all four points【D5】________ for expansion, and forms an “across-the-board“ opening-up strategy.In this section, you will hear two short passages. The passages will be read only once. After each passage, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, write the answers on the answer sheet. Dictation Listen to the passage. For questions 21~25, fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. Chengdu, capital of Sichuan province, served as a major commercial hub thousands of years ago because of its silk, tea and lacquer. Today, it is embracing a greater opportunity offered by the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative to connect to a wider world. To gain more from the initiative, Chengdu has improved its transportation network by building international air routes and inter-continental railways to transform itself from a hinterland, about 1,700 kilometers away from the nearest port, to a frontier of the nation’s opening-up policy. Over the past five years, Chengdu has provided the highest frequency of train service to Europe and sent the most China-EU freight trains, including 1,591 trains in 2018. The express railway now looks at all four points on the compass for expansion, and forms an “across-the-board” opening-up strategy.

Mr. Taylor felt very________at the suggestion that he had stolen the car. impatient indigenous intolerant indignant indiscernible

Prince Charles, the longest-waiting ________ to the throne in British history, has spoken of his “impatience“ to get things done. heir heirship heritage heiress heirloom

It has been revealed that nearly one in five degree courses has been________since the tripling of tuition to ￡ 9, 000 a year. scratched scraped scrapped scrabbled scrolled

It has been proposed by many linguists that human language________, our biologically programmed ability to use language, is still not well defined and understood. potentiality perception faculty acquisition posture

Chocolate could soon be a thing of the past, after scientists warned that the cacao plant, from which chocolate is made, could be【C1】ext________within 32 years. [*] Over half of the world’ s chocolate comes from just two countries in West Africa—Cote d’ Ivoire and Ghana— where the temperature, rain, and humidity provide the perfect【C2】con________for cacao to thrive. But the threat of rising temperatures over the next three decades, caused by climate change, is expected to result in a loss of moisture from the ground, which scientists say could 【C3】________(upset) this delicate balance. According to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a temperature rise of just 2.1 degrees【C4】ce________ could spell an end for the chocolate industry worldwide by 2050. Farmers in the region are already looking at moving cacao production areas thousands of feet uphill into mountainous terrain—much of which is currently【C5】________(preserve) for wildlife. But a move of this scale could destroy ecosystems that are already under threat from illegal farming and【C6】def________. Part of the problem, according to Doug Hawkins from London-based research firm Hardman Agribusiness, is that cacao farming methods have not changed for hundreds of years. “Unlike other tree crops that have benefited from the development of modern, high yielding cultivars and crop management techniques to realize their genetic potential, more than 90% of the global cacao crop is produced by smallholders on subsistence farms with unimproved planting material, and all the indicators are that we could be looking at a chocolate【C7】________ (deficit) of 100,000 tonnes a year in the next few years. “ Hawkins told Mail Online. Now scientists at the University of California at Berkeley have teamed up with American confectionery company Mars, in an attempt to keep chocolate on the menu. Using the【C8】cont________ gene-editing technology known as CRISPR they are trying to develop a version of the cacao plant capable of surviving—and thriving—in dryer, warmer climates. CRISPR has received widespread media attention. However, Jennifer Doudna, the UC Berkeley geneticist who invented CRISPR, thinks its【C9】________useful effects will be on plants rather than humans. “Personally, I’d love a tomato plant with fruit that stayed on the vine longer,“ Doudna, who is an avid gardener, told Business Insider. If the team’ s work on the cacao plant is successful, it could remove the need for farmers in West Africa to【C10】rel________to higher ground, and perhaps even allow cacao to be grown elsewhere in the world.

The history of tea has ancient roots, steeped in generations of Asian culture and traditions beginning as early as 2,000 BC. Indigenous to the mountainous region of Yunnan in south-western China, tea is now cultivated and enjoyed in all corners of the world. There are over a thousand subvarieties of the Camellia tea bush, each producing a different flavor and personality. Lauded for its health benefits and calming properties, tea has proved its longevity in each country. [*] According to a Chinese legend, it, was Emperor ShenNong who first discovered tea some 5,000 years ago. As the emperor was boiling water, some dried leaves from a tree fell into his pot, and the emperor developed a liking for the beverage’ s vitality and flavor. However, tea was likely utilized long before then as a medicinal remedy, mixed with various herbs to produce a pharmacological concoction. The influence of religion and the unification of China managed to popularize tea around the country, first among the upper class and then among the masses, with the advent of tea houses during the Ming Dynasty. With each changing dynasty, the preparation and use of tea evolved, from solid cakes of compressed tea to loose leaf. Today, tea in China is an integral part of everyday life. The most popular type of tea is green, followed by oolong and pu-erh (fermented tea). Black tea was never very popular among the Chinese, having been reserved only for foreign export in the past. The practice of serving tea is ritualized in the gong fu tea service, a tradition that has continued to thrive in modern times. Tea was introduced to Japan during the 12th century by Chinese monks and Zen Buddhists, teaching Japanese priests the philosophical appreciation of the simple beverage. At first, tea was reserved for the emperor’ s court and high officials. It wasn’ t until the 16th century, when SenRikyu codified Japanese tea principles, that tea became a ubiguitous part of the culture. The Japanese regarded drinking tea as high art, emphasizing the beauty in simplicity and the appreciation of the moment, incorporating the many ideals of Zen Buddhism into practice. There’ s no better place to practice this art than in the Japanese tea ceremony called Chanoyu ( way of tea) , in which matcha powder is used to brew a frothy, ethereal tea. The Dutch East India Company gave Europe its first taste of tea during the 1,600s, and England developed a craze for it. After trade relations with China turned sour during the Opium Wars, England turned to India as its main tea supplier. Soon, England created its own style of preparing tea by adding milk and sugar, after hearing the untrue rumors that this was how the Chinese drank their tea (only the Manchus ever added milk to their tea). The famous “afternoon tea“ trend arrived in the 19th century, when it. was common for only two meals to be served per day. The English grew hungry waiting for dinner, and became fond of having an assortment of sweets with tea and lemon in the afternoon. England is now one of the largest consumers of tea outside of China today, consuming mostly black teas like Earl Grey and English Breakfast. India is the largest producer of tea in the world today, and it’ s mostly due to the influence of Britain during the 1,800s. Initially, Britain attempted to cultivate Chinese tea bushes in India, which proved largely unsuccessful due to differences in climate (except for the region of Darjeeling in the Himalayas ). It was soon discovered that India already had its own indigenous tea bush that, grew in Assam Valley in northeastern India. Although India never developed the highly elaborate tea rituals like those of China or Japan, tea was still very much a part of everyday life. Black tea is often prepared with milk, sugar, and spices such as cardamom, fennel, and cloves known as “chai“ tea in the west. Questions 71 ~ 75 Complete the summary below with information from the passage, using no more than three words for each blank. People in the world praise tea for its health benefits and【R1】________. Early in the Ming Dynasty, 【R2】________, where people went to drink tea, were built. Tea was introduced to Japan during the 12th century by Chinese monks and Zen Buddhists, teaching Japanese priests the philosophical appreciation of the simple beverage. The beauty【R3】________ was emphasized in the first place by the Japanese. Rather than green tea, 【R4】________was mostly consumed in England. India is the largest producer of tea in the world today. But Indian people never perform【R5】________like those of China and Japan.

In extended families, older members ’ opinions are respected, and the youngest members are loved and taken good care of by all. China’ s constitution stipulates that grown-up children are duty-bound to support their parents. In the cities, couples who do not live with their aged parents give the latter living allowances and help them with the house chores. In the countryside, though quite a number of extended families have dissolved, many married sons and their families continue to live in the same courtyard with their parents. To them, breaking up the extended family means cooking their meals separately. Married sons most often have their houses built near their parents’ home, making it convenient for parents and children to help and visit each other as before.

【T1】中国作为一个发展中围家而临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。然而，我国人口众多，资源相对不足，经济规模越来越大，经济发展与资源和环境之间的矛盾日益突出。【T2】环境污染严重，生态状况恶化、资源耗费巨大而导致环境破坏等问题，已成为中国经济保持可持续发展的瓶颈。从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的过程中，已将环境保护作为一项基本国策，将实现经济持续发展作为一项重要战略，同时，【T3】中国在全国范围内开展污染防治和生态环境保护，环境恶化的状况甚本得到了控制。实践证明，【T4】中国协调经济发展和环境保护之间的关系的做法是行之有效的。人类发展只有合理地利用自然界，与自然界保持和谐，才能维持和发展人类所创造的文明，才能与自然界共生共荣、协调发展。【T5】中国作为国际社会的成员，积极促进国际环保合作，并认真履行国际义务。所有这些都充分表明了中国政府和人民保护全球环境的诚意和决心。

Fill in the missing letters and numbers. The alphabet has been written out to help you. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Example: AB is to CD as PQ is to RS. BD is to GE as DF is to________.

Change the first word into the last word, by changing one letter at a time and making a new, different word in the middle. Example: CASE CASH LASH BIRD______WIND

Americanism could refer to the defining characteristics of the United States and signifying loyalty to the country. Some people are worried that globalization is not good because it actually means Americanism. Other people think that we can all benefit from the process of globalization. Write your comments on the statement “Globalization Doesn’ t Equal Americanism“ in at least 100 words on the answer sheet. [*]

The investigation into the food safety incident over dairy products tainted with melamine is________. preceding proceeding prescribing processing proclaiming

The number of stay-at-home fathers reached a record high last year, new figures show, as families saw an________in female breadwinners. raise rise arise increase incursion

Ever since the early days of modern computing in the 1940s, the biological metaphor has been irresistible. The first computers—room-size behemoths—were referred to as “giant brains“ or “ electronic brains,“ in headlines and everyday speech. As computers improved and became capable of some tasks familiar to humans, like playing chess, the term used was “artificial intelligence“. DNA, it is said, is the original software. [*] For the most part, the biological metaphor has long been just that—a simplifying analogy rather than a blueprint for how to do computing. Engineering, not biology, guided the pursuit of artificial intelligence. As Frederick Jelinek, a pioneer in speech recognition, put it, “airplanes don’t flap their wings. “ Yet the principles of biology are gaining ground as a tool in computing. The shift in thinking results from advances in neuroscience and computer science, and from the prod of necessity. The physical limits of conventional computer designs are within sight—not today or tomorrow, but soon enough. Nanoscale circuits cannot shrink much further. Today’ s chips are power hogs, running hot, which curbs how much of a chip’ s circuitry can be used. These limits loom as demand is accelerating for computing capacity to make sense of a surge of new digital data from sensors, online commerce, social networks, video streams and corporate and government databases. To meet the challenge, without gobbling the world ’ s energy supply, a different approach will be needed. And biology, scientists say, promises to contribute more than metaphors. “ Every time we look at this, biology provides a clue as to how we should pursue the frontiers of computing,“ said John E. Kelly, the director of research at IBM. Dr. Kelly points to Watson, the question-answering computer that can play “Jeopardy!“ and beat two human champions earlier this year. IBM’s clever machine consumes 85, 000 watts of electricity, while the human brain runs on just 20 watts. “Evolution figured this out,“ Dr. Kelly said. Several biologically inspired paths are being explored by computer scientists in universities and corporate laboratories worldwide. One project, a collaboration of computer scientists and neuroscientists begun three years ago has been encouraging enough that in August it won a $21 million round of government financing. In recent months, the team has developed prototype “neurosynaptic“ microprocessors, or chips that operate more like neurons and synapses than like conventional semiconductors. Questions 56 ~ 60 Complete the table using no more than three words for each blank. [*]

Rearrange the muddled letters in capitals to make a proper word. The answer will complete the sentence sensibly. Example: A BEZAR is an animal with stripes. ZEBRA The storm brought down an ECLETRCI cable. ________

Write on the following topic. Space exploration can benefit humans. China has made history in space exploration by landing the Chang ’ e-4 spacecraft on the far side of the moon. While most leaders and scientists have applauded China’ s achievement, some view China’ s progress in space technology as a threat. But their worries were not well founded. Write an essay in no less than 160 words on the answer sheet to express your views on the issue.