You said the books were on the desk, but______there. there was no one there were none there were no ones was none

The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, ______could do penniless by next year. the larger one the larger of which the largest one the largest of which

All flights______because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train. were canceled had been canceled having canceled having been canceled

There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened,______a sudden loud noise. being there should there be there was there having been

______the storm, we still arrived at our destination on time. But for In spite of In case of Because of

Diamonds have little______ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity. extinct permanent surplus intrinsic

NEW YORK May 26, (Reuters)—Attorney Dennis Kenigan just spent a week rising at daybreak to answer e-mails and field conference calls for several hours a day before eating breakfast with his family. He says it was a relaxing vacation. Memorial Day, the unofficial kickoff of summer holidays in the United States, may be near, but that doesn’ t mean Americans will be kicking back and relaxing. Instead, U. S. workers keep working while they are on vacation, experts and studies say. More than a third of vacationing Americans check office e-mails, telephone voicemail and respond to all their messages, according to a recent poll. A mere 2 percent said they were “unreachable“ while off work, said the same poll conducted by FPC, a New York-based executive search firm. Another survey showed Americans spend an average of more than five hours answering e-mails and checking telephone messages on vacations, which are typically less than a week long. That study was conducted a Pennsylvania-based maker of organizational products, Day-Timers, Inc., a unit of ACCO Brands Corp.. Kerrigan, a lawyer who works in Connecticut, spent more time than that. But the alternative—facing all that work when he got back—would be worse, he said. “I think it actually allows me to relax,“ he said. “I actually could enjoy my vacation.“ Many people feel a need to check in with work before they can relax, said Diane Halpem, director of the Berger Institute for Work, Family, and Children at Claremont McKenna College in Claremont, California. “If they checked in two hours every day and felt that the office was cared for, and they could relax the other six, that’ s a perfectly relaxing vacation, “ she said. “ We really need to redefine our ideas that someone takes a week and does nothing,“ she added. “ The relaxing can come in a different way. It’ s a matter of rethinking how we do it.“ GOOD WORK, AND BAD? There’s good work and bad when it comes to vacations, said Edward Hallowell, a psychiatrist and author of “Crazy Busy: Overstretched, Overbooked, and About to Snap!“ “ Unless you’ re so excited about a project you just have to take it with you, that’ s great. But if you’ re just taking it because you don’ t know what else to do or because you want to impress your boss, that’s a really bad idea,“ he said. “There are people who literally go into sort of withdrawal if they don’ t have their work, “ he said. “ They’ re lost without it. It’s not the job’ s fault at all.“ Hallowell says he’ s seen a movement among companies urging people to work less to stave off burnout. “ Managers and executives are wising up to the fact that this is not a good thing and it doesn’ t boost productivity,“ he said. “ If your brain is not in tip-top shape, it’s not going to produce tip-top work, no matter how many hours you flog it.“ Barbara Weltman, a small business expert, author and columnist in Millwood, New York, vows she will not take her work along on a two-week European trip next month— only her third long vacation in three decades of working. “You might end up losing a client or two, but in the long run this is a way to survive and thrive in your business. You have to do it. There are risks, but you don’ t really have a choice, “ she said. The trick, she said, is making plans and working extra hard before she leaves, although that too has its downside. “ Everybody is saying, ’ Aren’ t you excited about going away?’ I say, ’ No, I’ m not, I can’t even think about that yet’ “ she said. Complete the following form with no more than four words for each blank according to the passage. [*]

Sand: as children we play on it and as adults we relax on it. It is something we complain about when it gets in our eye on a windy beach, and praise when it is made into sand castles. But we don’t often look at it. If we did, we would discover an account of a geological past and a history of sea life that goes back thousands and, in some cases, millions of years. Sand covers not just seashores, but also ocean beds, deserts and mountains. 【B1】______And it is a major element in manufactured products too—concrete is largely sand, while glass is made of little else. 【B2】______ Well, it is larger than fine dust and smaller than shingle. In fact, according to the most generally accepted scheme of measurement, grains can be called sand if their diameter is greater than 0.06 of a millimetre and less than 0.6 of a millimetre. Depending on its age and origin, a particular sand can consist of tiny stones or porous grains through which water can pass. 【B3】______They have come from the breaking down of rocks, or from the dead bodies of sea creatures, which collect on the bottom of the oceans, or even from volcanic eruptions. 【B4】______If it is a dazzling white, its grains may come from nearby coral, from crystalline quartz rocks or from gypsum, like the white sand of New Mexico. On Pacific Islands, jet black sands form from volcanic minerals. Other black beaches are magnetic and are mined for iron ore. 【B5】______It washes rock into streams and rivers and down to the sea, leaving behind softer materials. By the time it reaches the sea, the hardest rocks remain but everything else has been broken into tiny particles of 0.02 millimetre diameter or less. The largest pieces fall to the bottom quickly, while smaller particles float and settle only slowly in deeper water, which is why the sandy beach on the shoreline so often turns to mud further out. Questions 61—65 Complete the passage with the following sentences. There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use. A. These may have the shape of stars or spirals, their edges rough or smooth. B. It is one of the most common substances on earth. C. In addition, it has one vital function which you might never even notice. D. Rain is an important force in the creation of beaches. E. In the great slow cycle of the earth, sand that was once rock can turn to rock again. F. What exactly is sand? G. Colour is another clue to the origins of sand.

Lack of culture, or rather an excess of the wrong sort of culture, is often considered to be synonymous with disadvantage. Most commonly associated with low cultural standards are low levels of reading, and some thirteen per cent of all twenty-three-year-olds feel they have trouble with reading and writing. One way of compensating such disadvantaged young people is thought to be to provide them with the culture they lack: in particular, high quality reading material. Whereas forty to fifty per cent of young people aged sixteen to twenty rarely read a book, the majority appear to read comics. In 1991 sales of Viz—a UK comic—exceeded one million copies per issue, making it the fourth best-selling periodical in Britain. The reading of comics, however, is not restricted to young people: by 1992 it was estimated that two out of three men aged eighteen to fifty-three read Viz. The number of imitators of this comic has spawned, including Zit, Gas, Brain Damage and Swiz, indicates the extent of the influence it wields. The reading of comics was traditionally regarded by the educational establishment with considerable suspicion. Whereas the received arts were always assumed to exert an improving or civilizing influence, comics were thought to “rot children’ s brains“ , to lower educational standards and to threaten morality. They were, and are, assumed to be an inferior cultural form: their readers assumed to come from the lower social classes, to be low educational attainers and to be easily led astray. Over the past decade, perceptions of comics have shifted. Since the 1970s, the comic format has been commonly used to represent the interests of various disenfranchises groups—community groups, the unemployed, welfare recipients of—who became more conscious of a climate conditioned by other contemporary movements such as civil rights, consumerism, self-help and deinstitutionalization. As cultural signifiers, comics have become the subject matter of academic courses in cultural and media studies. Indeed, young people’ s cultural activities grounded in the commercial rather than the subsidized sector, are beginning to merit the attention of the arts establishment. Questions 71—75 Complete the summary with words from the passage, changing the form where necessary with no more than three words for each blank. Low cultural standards, such as 【R1】______of reading, a difficulty experienced by many young adults, are often associated with disadvantage. While around half of sixteen to twenty-year, olds rarely read books, most will read comics. Although many comics in Britain are 【R2】______ and have lots of readers, the educational establishment sill considers them to be an 【R3】______appealing only to the lower levels of society. However, attitudes are beginning to change as the format has been adopted to 【R4】______of disenfranchised groups. Certain comics have been included in the courses of 【R5】______studies. Young people’ s cultural activities are beginning to attract the attention of the arts establishment.

As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on it. They are the mark of success 【M1】______ or failure in our society. One’ s whole future may be decided on one fateful day. It doesn’ t matter that he wasn’ t feeling very well, or that his mother died. Things like that don’t count on: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when 【M2】______ what the examination system expects you to do. The moment 【M3】______ a child begins school, he enters into a world of vicious competition 【M4】______ where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of “drop-outs“ : young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked 【M5】______ a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students? A good education should, among other things, train one to think for himself. The examination system does nothing but that. 【M6】______ What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek 【M7】______ more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive teachers off all freedoms. 【M8】______ Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reducing to training their 【M9】______ students in exam techniques which they despise of. The most 【M10】______ successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.

Benjamin went to the dentist on a Tuesday. He has two further appointments for fillings. One is ten days later; the next is five days after the second appointment. On which day of the week is the third appointment? On______.

W Oh, I’m sorry, Mr. Smith. M What’s up, Mary? W I’m afraid I can’ t work overtime tomorrow. John and I are holding a party for the 5th anniversary of our wedding. M That’ s all right. Enjoy yourselves. Question What wil1 the woman do tomorrow? Hold a party. See Mr. Smith. Work overtime. Attend a wedding.

The guys are from Texas and California.M1 Hi. My name is Mark. M2 Mark? I’m Bill. Glad to meet you. M1 Yeah. So where are you from? M2 I’ m from Houston Texas. M1 Oh...I’m from Southern California. M2 So, what year are you? M1 I’m a freshman. M2 This is my first year too. M1 So what made you decide to come to California for school? I hear Austin is a good school. M2 It’ s alright, but I think Berkeley is better. M1 So is this where you wanted to come? M2 To tell you the truth. I wanted to go to Stanford. I made it on the waiting list, but ninety-nine percent of the people accepted to Stanford go there. Like, who wouldn’t right? M1 Very true. But this is still a good school. M2 I’ m not complaining. I just know that I wanted to come to California. Texas is cool and all, but I wanted to experience different things. M1 That’ s good. Do you know what you plan on majoring in? M2 I was thinking about political science, but now I’m leaning towards English literature. How about you? M1 I plan on majoring in double E. M2 Do you know where the Smith building is? I have to pick up the syllabus for my psychology class. I missed the first day. M1 That’ s a great start. It’ s over there by the library. M2 It was nice meeting you. M1 Yeah. We should hang out later. M2 Cool. I’ll see you tomorrow in class then. M1 Alright. Later. TRUE FALSE

What is the interview mainly about?W It says a growing number of students are making a major hole from the minute they enter the real world because they are already, some of them, more than 100,000 dollars in debt. With us now is Mark Spencer, he is the senior financial analyst for SBC Bank. Welcome to you. M Thank you. Nice to be with you. W Now I guess there are two kinds of debts: good debt and bad debt. Where does this go? M Well, student loan debt is traditionally considered good debt, but the problem for many students and their families is that the cost of colleges has been going up at 6% to 8% a year, far faster than the income, far faster than the standard of living. That means debt’ s taking on a bigger and bigger role in financing education. W How much debt is too much debt for...for one student? M Well, one guideline is that you look at the first year’s salary in your field after graduation, and use that as a barometer, but even then... W Is that right? M Well, you are talking big payments even in that instance, for example, 30, 000 dollars worth of debt. If you are gonna repay that over 10 years, you are talking more than 300 dollars a month that, in payments every month for 10 years. W But there’ re surely more than one way to get a loan for college. There are government programs. There are so many kinds of grants. What’ s...what’ s the best advice for people who are looking for these loans to try to keep themselves from going under. M I understand that loans are just one way of college finance. Take advantage of the other opportunities. Things like a college savings plan, let...let you save on a tax advantage basis. So you can put money away in these accounts and withdraw tax-free to pay for that education. W So it’s important to start early and that really reduces that reliance on debt later. M Another thing, leave no stone unturned, looking at grants, scholarships, even on-campus jobs. I mean every dollar you get that way is seen as another dollar you don’ t have to borrow later. W The kinds of jobs that so many students, fresh off students, like to go into, er, charity stuff, volunteer work. This debt is eliminating a lot of that, isn’ t it? M I think that’ s the social cost. Really, I mean...you know, when you consider that, you know, people may pass up a rewarding career in charitable work, or non-profit organization because they have to get a higher salary someplace else to pay off that debt. W Yeah, that’s for sure. Mark Spencer, senior financial analyst from SBC Bank. Mark, good you could be here. M Thank you. How college students pay for their education. How to handle the problem of college loans. The disadvantages of college loans. Government financing in college education.

We told you that he would come tonight, ______? didn’ t we did we would he wouldn’ t be

It is said that with more forests______huge quantities of good earth are being washed away. being destroyed destroyed destroying to destroy

You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting______you don’ t mind taking the night train. provided unless though until

Our modem civilization must not be thought of as______in a short period of time. being created to have been created having been created to be created

You said the books were on the desk, but______there. there was no one there were none there were no ones was none

Rare among American actors, Depp has made a name for himself effortlessly switching between mainstream Hollywood movies and more “out of the ordinary“ projects. Talking about his choice of roles, he once said, “ With any part you play, there is a certain amount of yourself in it. There has to be, otherwise it’ s not acting. It’ s lying.“ Highlights of a richly diverse career include Edward Scissorhands, Sleepy Hollow and Pirates of the Caribbean. Depp dropped out of school at sixteen to concentrate on a career in music, playing the guitar (he played with more than twenty bands). However, his musical career failed to take off, and he found himself selling pens over the phone to pay the bills. His lucky break came when makeup artist Lori Allison, to whom he was briefly married, introduced him to Nicolas Cage. Although at first they did not like each other, they later became good friends and Cage persuaded him to try acting. Depp signed on with Cage’ s agent, and made his feature film debut in Wes Craven’ s horror film Nightmare on Elm Street, in which the character he played was eaten by his bed. After that he had his first screen leading role in Pirate Resort. Depp went on to achieve teen idol status in the TV series 21 Jump Street, but after four seasons, he wanted out, with the hope of making the transition to the big screen. He starred in Cry Baby, followed by Tim Burton’ s Edward Scissorhands, after which he went on to win considerable critical acclaim in Ed Wood, a reunion with Burtons. Depp made his feature directorial debut with The Brave in 1997, a film he also co-wrote and starred in. Premiering at the Cannes Film Festival, the film also featured Marlow Brando, but earned mostly negative reviews, with most critics blaming its weak script. Sleepy Hollow teamed him with director Burton yet again, before he starred in Ted Demme’ s Blow, and appeared in the thriller From Hell, about Jack the Ripper. Off screen, his good looks and “bad boy“ image (he was once arrested for attacking intrusive paparazzi with a wooden plank)have earned him a lot of media attention. He was voted one of the fifty most beautiful people in the world by People magazine in 1996. He has also had his fair share of celebrity romances: when his engagement to Edward Scissirhands costar Winona Ryder ended, he had a tattoo (one of at least eight), which said “ Winona Forever“ , altered by laser to get rid of the last two letters of her name. His relationship with model Kate Moss also ended abruptly in 1998, when he started dating French singer—actress Vanessa Paradis. They are now married and have two children, Lily-Rose Melody and Jack. More recent work has included Pirates of the Caribbean with Geoffrey Rush and Once Upon a Time in Mexico. Questions 66—70 Answer the following questions according to the passage.

There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term—intelligence— than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily make distinctions reason logically and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’ s capacity for learning particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school.