Why did Dave decide on a full-time career as a diving instructor?W: Dave, you’ve been a diving instructor for many years, teaching the new divers the basics can not be an easy job? What made you choose this usual career? M: Well, deep sea diving was first leisure activity for me. Then the local diving center needed an instructor during the peak tourist season. I gave it a try and got the job, though the pay wasn’t much, I must say that my first experiences with students left me wondering if this was the career for me at all. Probably what decided me was that the next season, there were a number of happily returning divers who wanted me as an instructor again. W: So what standards are expected as instuctors like you? M: Well, instructors set off in boats with their students to find a good spot to dive. Now we aren’t expected to have detailed local knowledge of all the dive sites in an area. However, we are expected to fully understand the effects of strong wind and storms, because divers need flat water, that is, not many waves. When conditions are not suitable, some inexperienced instructors get upset, because their students want action, no matter what. W: Have you ever made a serious mistake with your students? M: Ng, training new divers is tricky, particularly if the students know more about the subject than you do. I had a couple once, Mr. and Mrs. Jones. They were doing OK, but when it came to life saving, they were not up to the right standard. I just kept saying to them, “What you are doing is OK, but it isn’t not up to our standard. “ When we met in the bar later, I found out they were a doctor and a nurse. I just wish the ground would open up and swallow me. I felt so stupid. W: Do you find any part of your job boring? M: Most definitely. Possibly number one is swimming around in a few meters of water, for my students to be able to take photos of each other to show to their friends. But apart from that, I know that students can’t be expected to get things right from the beginning and I am a patient teacher. In fact, I am glad to be doing routine things which don’t involve much action. W: Are you planning career change? M: I’d love to move on to a quiter sort of job. Some people have suggested that I should try to get a job with a film company, taking photos and doing documentaries about ship wrecks and fish. But I feel I am not young enough for that sort of job. I’d like something where I can use the administrative skills I have. I’d like running a busy dive center, where I’d organize the work of other instructors. He had always liked teaching diving. His trainees were pleased with him. It was a chance to earn more money. He believed he can teach better than others.

Which of the following statements best describe the condition of the passengers?An underground train derailed at a station in central Pairs, injuring 23 people and just missing another underground train standing on the opposite track. French Emergency Services said the train was travelling at 35 kilometers per hour when it derailed as it entered the station. No one had been killed and no one was trapped in the train during the accident. Ambulances rushed to the scene and doctors began treating casualties in the station and at a nearby cafe. Some people have broken limbs, and others have suffered bruising. No one was in critical condition. It was not known why the train came off the tracks. No one was hurt during the accident. Someone was killed during the accident. 23 people were trapped in the train. No one was fatally injured.

Summary Listen to the passage. For questions 26—30, complete the notes using no more than three words for each blank. This year witnesses an ever intense【D6】______ scramble for places. Each remaining 【D7】______place means six-person competition. Alternatives include【D8】______, apprenticeships and studying at home. Students can strengthen their chances in next-year’s reapplication by getting【D9】______or other skills. Yet poor long-term【D10】______and a drop in graduate recruitment make it worse to be a university student in UK.Summary Listen to the passage. For questions 26—30, complete the notes using no more than three words for each blank. This year has seen a record number of people applying to university. This, combined with the weak economy, an uncertain job market, and budget cuts at universities, has produced even more of a scramble for places than usual. Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining undergraduate place. The British University Admissions Service, UCAS, says up to a quarter of this year’s university applicants—almost 190,000 people—have not been admitted into a degree course. That’s an increase of over 46,000 students from last year. Faced with these figures, some British students might consider an interesting alternative; studying abroad. The University of Nottingham, for example, is offering places at its campuses in Ning-bo, near Shanghai, and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Students at these institutions can earn University of Nottingham degrees in business, accounting, engineering and English. Similarly, the university of Bolton says it has “unlimited“ places at its campus in the United Arab Emirates. To deal with these problems, the UK’s Higher Education Minister, David Willetts, is encouraging students who haven’t made the grade to consider alternatives to university, such as apprenticeships and studying at home. “There are a range of options available,“ he says. “People can reapply next year, so they should consider spending this year in a way that will add positively to their CVs. Getting practical work experience or other skills will strengthen their chances next year. “ Some commentators say, though, that rising university costs, poor long-term job prospects, and a drop in graduate recruitment mean this is the worst time to be a university student in the UK.

Ms. Smith is very______. She has changed the director’s mind about many issues. prompt tidy influential vital

Production is to be______from big cities to the mountainous areas in case of war. transferred transmitted translated transformed

Although he has no education, he is one of the______businessmen in the company, which was established by Mr. Smith three years ago. sternest shrewdest nastiest laziest

It seems oil______from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right. had leaked leaked is leaking has been leaking

—I really like the movie, Die Hard. I think it’s kind of exciting. —Exciting?______ —I think the movie has a lot of action. That’s what I like about the movie. —I see. I hope I’ll have a chance to see it too. Who wants to be a millionaire? What’s that supposed to mean? How about we watch it right now? Can you give me a hand tomorrow?

The statue of the Little Mermaid is a famous city______and a major tourists’ attraction in Denmark. icon label model slogan

The London Museum, ______is in the Barbican, tells you all about the history of London. it that there which

Although China’s export increases are expected to slow down next year, a good investment environment and low-cost, high-quality labor will continue to attract foreign investors. That’s a trend no short-term factors can buck. However, of the actual foreign direct investments in China , less than 10 percent is used in mergers and acquisitions. Most of the investment goes to the establishment of new ventures. That means China has much room to direct foreign investment into the restructuring of the state-owned enterprises.

If BNKC is the code for COLD, what is the code for FIRM?

Femi, martin and James catch trains to go to the same destination. Femi catches the 8:15 a.m. train. Martin’s train journey takes twice as long as James’. Martin leaves 15 minutes before Femi and arrives at noon. James catches the 11:30 a.m. train. What time does James arrive at the destination?

Why did Dave decide on a full-time career as a diving instructor?W: Dave, you’ve been a diving instructor for many years, teaching the new divers the basics can not be an easy job? What made you choose this usual career? M: Well, deep sea diving was first leisure activity for me. Then the local diving center needed an instructor during the peak tourist season. I gave it a try and got the job, though the pay wasn’t much, I must say that my first experiences with students left me wondering if this was the career for me at all. Probably what decided me was that the next season, there were a number of happily returning divers who wanted me as an instructor again. W: So what standards are expected as instuctors like you? M: Well, instructors set off in boats with their students to find a good spot to dive. Now we aren’t expected to have detailed local knowledge of all the dive sites in an area. However, we are expected to fully understand the effects of strong wind and storms, because divers need flat water, that is, not many waves. When conditions are not suitable, some inexperienced instructors get upset, because their students want action, no matter what. W: Have you ever made a serious mistake with your students? M: Ng, training new divers is tricky, particularly if the students know more about the subject than you do. I had a couple once, Mr. and Mrs. Jones. They were doing OK, but when it came to life saving, they were not up to the right standard. I just kept saying to them, “What you are doing is OK, but it isn’t not up to our standard. “ When we met in the bar later, I found out they were a doctor and a nurse. I just wish the ground would open up and swallow me. I felt so stupid. W: Do you find any part of your job boring? M: Most definitely. Possibly number one is swimming around in a few meters of water, for my students to be able to take photos of each other to show to their friends. But apart from that, I know that students can’t be expected to get things right from the beginning and I am a patient teacher. In fact, I am glad to be doing routine things which don’t involve much action. W: Are you planning career change? M: I’d love to move on to a quiter sort of job. Some people have suggested that I should try to get a job with a film company, taking photos and doing documentaries about ship wrecks and fish. But I feel I am not young enough for that sort of job. I’d like something where I can use the administrative skills I have. I’d like running a busy dive center, where I’d organize the work of other instructors. He had always liked teaching diving. His trainees were pleased with him. It was a chance to earn more money. He believed he can teach better than others.

The game was cancelled because most of the team members______a match without a standard court. objected to have objected to having were objected to have were objected that

—Tom! What’s that? —There are two girls behind you. ______You’ve just noticed? —I don’t get why anybody does that anymore. It’s so annoying! They’ve been smoking like chimneys. I can’t stand smoking here. Many people around here are smoking. The secondhand smoke is going to kill us.

In Madame Tussauds, tourists can see______wax figures of famous people—politicians, actors , athletes and royalty. They can also see______people in the Chamber of Horror. vivid; familiar oversize; notorious life-size; infamous man-made; handmade

In the early 1950s the researchers who produced the first clad glass optical fibers were not thinking of using them for communications.【C1】H______, fiber optics was already a well-established commercial technology when the famous paper by Kao and Hockham,【C2】______ (claim)the use of low-loss optical fibers for communication, appeared in 1966. The first low-loss silica fiber was described in【C3】______which appeared in October of 1970. The date of this publication is sometimes【C4】______(cite)as the beginning of the era of fiber communication. Although this development did receive【C5】______(consider)attention in the research community at the time, it was far from inevitable that a major industry would evolve. The technological barriers appeared formidable because there were serious doubts as to 【C6】wh______these fiber components could ever be produced economically enough, but the market potential was very significant.【C7】______(consequence), research and development activity expanded rapidly, and a number of important issues were【C8】re______during the early 1970s. During the middle and late 1970s, the rate of progress towards marketable products accelerated as the emphasis【C9】______(shift)from research to engineering. Fibers with losses【C10】 app______the Rayleigh limit of 2 dB/km at a wavelength of 0. 8 μm were produced. By 1980 improvement in component performance, cost, and reliability led to major commitments on the part of telephone companies.

The latest Human Development Report from the United Nations Development Programme(UNDP)contains some good news, but also a very serious warning about the threat posed by climate change. The report, published annually since 1990, seeks to assess “human development“ around the world, and calculates a “Human Development Index“(HDI)for 169 countries. The HDI is based on average income, life expectancy and level of education in a country. Not surprisingly, rich countries tend to have higher HDIs than poor countries, but there are interesting variations in human development among countries with similar levels of economic development, because some have better health and education systems than others. According to the 2010 report, the country with the highest level of human development is Norway , followed by Australia, New Zealand, the United States and Ireland. Most of the lowest HDIs belong to countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Almost all countries around the world have higher HDIs now than in 1990, despite the fact that since the 2008 financial crisis, the total number of people living in extreme poverty has increased. The report concludes that most people are healthier, live longer, are better educated and have access to more goods and services. Even in countries with severe economic problems, people’s level of health and education has generally improved. Although sub-Saharan African countries are at the bottom of the pile in terms of human development, some of them have made significant progress since 1990. The report is critical, however, of the fact that economic inequality has increased significantly in the last twenty years, both within and between countries. The greatest threat to improving HDIs in the future, according to the report, is climate change. Economic growth increases average incomes in a country through increasing production and consumption. However, if this leads to greater emissions of greenhouse gases, as has always been the case in the past, global warming will probably accelerate, and cause severe environmental problems in some parts of the world that will threaten the livelihoods of huge numbers of people. The progress of the last twenty years, therefore, might not be sustainable. The only solution, according to the report, is to break the link between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions—which, needless to say, is easier said than done. Questions 56—60 Complete the following form with no more than three words according to the passage. [*]

Transport and Trade 【B1】______By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale. 【B2】______Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance. 【B3】______Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living. 【B4】______Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carded. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living. 【B5】______Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade. Questions 61—65 Complete the article with the following sentences. There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use. A. Transport also prevents waste. B. Transport is one of the aids to trade. C. By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. D. Transport comes before trade. E. The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. F. Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. G. The business information maybe tapped by opponents on phone.

One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. Credit cards give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many baking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “ cashless society“ is not on the horizon—it’s already here. While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. The information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to recorder or return which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufactures for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marking reports can help decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theatres to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. Questions 66—70 Answer the following questions briefly according to the passage.

What is most important for a diving instructor, according to Dave?

How did Dave feel after the conversation with Mr. and Mrs. Jones?

What does Dane find boring about his job?

What would Dave like to in the future?