What is Glaeser’s opinion towards cities?Faiza: Big cities are vibrant hubs for culture and industry, or dirty, congested, crime-ridden warrens. As the world population surpasses seven billion, economists, environmentalists and social scientists are rethinking the role of the city in global society. Economist Edward Glae-ser believes cities are the best places to live. Glaeser: Cities are so fascinating because they play to mankind’s greatest gift, which is our ability to learn from other people. Faiza: Since ancient times, he says, cities have attracted smart people and enabled them to work collaboratively to advance society. But it wasn’t always a smooth road. Glaeser: In the 1970s, it looked as if globalization, new technologies and the death of distance was making our older cities obsolete. After all, the garment industry was fleeing New York. It looked like history itself was telling New York City to drop dead. Faiza: Over the past three decades many cities have been revitalized, not just despite globalization and new technologies, but, as Glaeser explains, because of them. Glaeser: What these new forces have done is they’ve increased the returns to new ideas, to being smart. Because, now if you got a new idea, you can manufacture it on the other side of the planet. You can take advantage of some new market opportunity in India or Indonesia or Sub-Saharan Africa. These trends have also made cities more important because cities are at their heart today, engines of innovations, forgers of human capital. Faiza: In a new book, “ Triumph of the City, “ Glaeser takes readers on a world tour of urban success stories from Boston and London, to Bangalore and Kinshasa. He explains how cities are places of pleasure and production. Restaurants, supermarkets, theaters and museums create job opportunities and vibrant economies. Glaeser: If you look across the world, the countries where more than half of the people live in urban areas are more than four times richer, on average, than the countries where less than half of the people live in urban areas. It is very dirty and no longer good to live in cities. They are too crowded with exploded population. Cities are extraordinary in creating opportunities. We need to save the industry and garments in cities.

How will the man go to the ski slopes after his air journey?W: This one’s a good deal. It costs ￡ 150 and airfares are included in that price. Once you land, you still need to get the ski slopes. It’s a two-hour journey. M: Yes, I know, I have a friend there who’s going to meet me and we’ll travel together. W: Oh, that’s fine, I usually organize a coach ticket for my customers, because a taxi is far too expensive. But a lift from a local is even better. He will fly another short journey. The travel agency booked him a coach ticket. A friend will provide him with a lift. The man would like to take a taxi.

Rachel came to see Dr. Jones because Dr. Jones needs her further explanation of an extension for her essay.M: Come in. Ah, good morning, Rachel. Have you come to talk about your extended essay? W: That’s right Dr. Jones. I wanted to ask what you thought about my decision on the subject. M: Yes, you initially wanted to write about working conditions in 19th century factories but you were later contemplating looking at the conditions inside hospitals in 19 th century northern towns. W: That’s right. I thought about it for a long time and weighed up the pros and cons and I didn’t decide for ages. M: Well, I think you were right to stick with your first idea. There’re so many better sources available on the subject. There are plenty of articles in magazines and the odd TV and radio programme on the other subjects but everything is rather superficial: there’s no real academic knowledge to draw on. W: Yes, I found that out. I found lots of books but nothing really to help me: even on the internet. In the end, when I decided on my first choice topic I found lots of really good stuff in magazines , books and the internet. Particularly one book which is the major reference that you’ll see quoted all over the place. M: Well, I’m glad you came to that decision. Let’s have a look at that essay now. W: What did you think? I’ve spent ages on it but I’m only about 80 percent happy with it. M: Well, I wouldn’t be too down about it. I think most of it is pretty good. I liked the introduction which really set out your ideas clearly. The middle needs some attention but the end was really first rate. True False

How many times did Somali pirates successfully hijack vessels in 2009?A maritime watchdog said the number of attacks off the coast of Somalia doubled in 2009 from 111 to 217. Pirates successfully hijacked 47 of those vessels and took 867 crew members hostage , earning them untold millions in ransom payments. Although the number of attacks was significantly higher, the number of successful hijackings was proportionately lower than the previous year. 111. 217. 47. 147.

If he had visited me in Beijing, I______him to see the sights. had taken will take would take would have taken

I would just as soon you______rudely to her. wouldn’t speak won’t speak didn’t speak haven’t spoken

Mike: If you are not busy, would you by any chance be interested in going to the movie with me this Saturday? Susan: I’d love to, but I can’t. I have to study for my exams. Mike: ______ Susan: Thanks for asking though. Maybe we can see a movie some other time. Don’t do this. That’s too bad. Don’t you think you can make it? Fantastic.

The first city ever______in Canada is Quebec. founded established framed created

Charles Dickens’s works, ______A Tale of Two Cities are characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos. likely such as for example such like

Each number shown below follows a certain rule. Figure out the rule and work out the missing number: [*]

This new laser printer is______with all leading software. competitive cooperative compatible comparable

Everyone knew that______the project would be completed and we’d all have to return to our own separate departments. primarily ultimately eventfully precisely

—Who are your main competitors? —It depends on the region. There are a lot of local producers in Europe and we cannot compete with them onprice. However, ______. —Well, thanks for your introduction. I’ m really impressed. we have a reputation for low price high transport costs make it very unprofitable to do business you can compare prices of various shops and find the best deal we are well known in the market for high quality and reliability

The British state is______Great Britain(England, Wales, and Scotland)and Northern Ireland. made up made up of made up for made up from

Surfing is something people often get hooked on after trying it a few times. For many surfers it is much more than a hobby—they would probably agree with the American professional surfer Kelly Slater when he said, “ Once you’re in, you’re in. There’s no getting out. “ [*] “ Surfing“ , of course, refers to riding on ocean waves using a surfboard. Many surfers stand upon their boards, which requires good balance and is therefore difficult for most beginners to learn, but some lie down and “bodyboard“. The history of surfing probably began with the Polynesian people of the Pacific Islands. One of-the first white people to see anyone surfing was the British explorer Captain Cook, when his ship arrived in Hawaii in 1778. He watched many Hawaiians riding waves on large pieces of wood, and reported that, “Surfing seems to give them a feeling of great pleasure. “ When surfing started to become very popular in the United States in the 1950s and 60s, surfers used large wooden boards(often more than three metres long)that were quite heavy. Boards today are shorter and also much lighter, because they are made of artificial materials instead of wood. For anyone who wants to try surfing, the only essentials are waves and a board. There are a few other things, however, that most surfers find important: a cord to attach one of their ankles to the board and therefore stop it from being carried a long way away when they fall off; wax, which they put on the surface of the board to help their feet stick to it; and a wetsuit to help them keep warm in cold water. The south-west of England is an example of a place where surfers usually need wetsuits, even in summer. Surfing has been a professional sport for many years and the very best surfers are able to make a living from it. Most of the best professional surfers in the last 30 years, both men and women, have been American or Australian, but surfers from Brazil, Peru and South Africa have also won important competitions. Questions 56—60 Complete the following form with no more than three words according to the passage. [*]

Things to Know about the U. K. From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the U. K. is loaded with wonderful icons(标志)of past eras.【B1】______It’s now better known for vibrant(充满活力的)cities with great nightlife and attraction. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping—the U. K. is among the world’s best. 【B2】______But if you’re one of these people, you’d be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It’s certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the U. K. 【B3】______Budget(廉价的)airlines like EasyJET and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. Where coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive(though quicker)than buses. London’s famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance(个体的)drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. London’s underground is called the Tube. It’s very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city. 【B4】______The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd’s pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture. 【B5】______ Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubbing while pubbing is much more casual. Questions 61—65 Complete the article with the following sentences. There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use. A. Getting around England is pretty easy. B. But it has also modernized with confidence. C. The U. K. is a country that is both ancient and modern. D. Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. E. The U. K. is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. F. Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. G. Coaches in the U. K. are faster but more expensive than buses.

Much of the discussion of environmental problems in the popular press leaves the reader with the impression that matters have been growing steadily worse, and that pollution is largely a product of the profit system and modern industrialization. There are environmental problems today that are both enormous and pressing, but in fact pollution is nothing new. Medieval cities were pestholes—the streets and rivers were littered with garbage and the air stank of rotting wastes.

Henry is a beggar. He has the habit of picking up cigarette ends left by other people. He can always make one new cigarette out of seven ends. One Saturday night he collected 49 cigarette ends. The next day he made them into cigarettes and smoked them all. How many whole cigarettes did he smoke that day?

It’s important for college students to plan their career. What factors should be taken into consideration when planning one’s career and what can be considered to be an ideal career plan? You should write no less than 120 words on the answer sheet.

What is Glaeser’s opinion towards cities?Faiza: Big cities are vibrant hubs for culture and industry, or dirty, congested, crime-ridden warrens. As the world population surpasses seven billion, economists, environmentalists and social scientists are rethinking the role of the city in global society. Economist Edward Glae-ser believes cities are the best places to live. Glaeser: Cities are so fascinating because they play to mankind’s greatest gift, which is our ability to learn from other people. Faiza: Since ancient times, he says, cities have attracted smart people and enabled them to work collaboratively to advance society. But it wasn’t always a smooth road. Glaeser: In the 1970s, it looked as if globalization, new technologies and the death of distance was making our older cities obsolete. After all, the garment industry was fleeing New York. It looked like history itself was telling New York City to drop dead. Faiza: Over the past three decades many cities have been revitalized, not just despite globalization and new technologies, but, as Glaeser explains, because of them. Glaeser: What these new forces have done is they’ve increased the returns to new ideas, to being smart. Because, now if you got a new idea, you can manufacture it on the other side of the planet. You can take advantage of some new market opportunity in India or Indonesia or Sub-Saharan Africa. These trends have also made cities more important because cities are at their heart today, engines of innovations, forgers of human capital. Faiza: In a new book, “ Triumph of the City, “ Glaeser takes readers on a world tour of urban success stories from Boston and London, to Bangalore and Kinshasa. He explains how cities are places of pleasure and production. Restaurants, supermarkets, theaters and museums create job opportunities and vibrant economies. Glaeser: If you look across the world, the countries where more than half of the people live in urban areas are more than four times richer, on average, than the countries where less than half of the people live in urban areas. It is very dirty and no longer good to live in cities. They are too crowded with exploded population. Cities are extraordinary in creating opportunities. We need to save the industry and garments in cities.

Dictation Listen to the passage. For questions 21—25, fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. Today, I’d like to talk about what helps people successfully 【D1】______ a new culture. Whereas the reasons for migration are nowadays fairly easy to identify and largely related to employment opportunities or political instability, the factors behind being able to 【D2】______the new culture and create a new life are considerably more complex. Let’s start with an overview of the issues as shown on this diagram. Starting on the left, there are two lists of factors: internal and external. It’s important to notice that the internal factors, in other words those based on an individual’s personality, are divided into positive factors—trusting others and【D3】______people are different, and negative factors—being afraid and being 【D4】______people. Now, you should also notice that external factors are not labeled in this way. It’s much more difficult to know how to measure the effects of external factors and whether they actually are external or not. The influence of family relationships, climate, beliefs and values, and the ability to communicate in the language of the new culture have wide-ranging effects which are difficult to measure and can【D5】______.Dictation Listen to the passage. For questions 21—25, fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. Today, I’d like to talk about what helps people successfully integrate into a new culture. Whereas the reasons for migration are nowadays fairly easy to identify and largely related to employment opportunities or political instability, the factors behind being able to adapt to the new culture and create a new life are considerably more complex. Let’s start with an overview of the issues as shown on this diagram. Starting on the left, there are two lists of factors: internal and external. It’s important to notice that the internal factors, in other words those based on an individual’s personality, are divided into positive factors—trusting others and acknowledging people are different, and negative factors—being afraid and being suspicious of people. Now, you should also notice that external factors are not labeled in this way. It’s much more difficult to know how to measure the effects of external factors and whether they actually are external or not. The influence of family relationships, climate, beliefs and values, and the ability to communicate in the language of the new culture have wide-ranging effects which are difficult to measure and can distort any research.

What did globalization bring to older cities, such as New York, in 1970s?

What is the current role of cities in the world?

What is the main focus of Glaeser’s book Triumph of the City?

According to Glaeser, what is the advantage of countries with more than half population living in urban areas comparing to those with less than half population living in urban areas?