[*] In 2004, a Harvard student named Mark Zuckerberg decided that he needed a way to keep tabs on his schoolmates over the Internet that was easy and fun. So he created a modest little website using social network gadgetry. Two years later, he had managed to raise $ 37.7 million and had registered about 7 million users. The name of his website was Facebook. Zuckerberg, however, was not satisfied. Success is one thing, world domination is another. And he did not want cyber-success, he wanted the real thing. His main competitor was the social network MySpace. After reaching 8 million users, mainly college students, Facebook seemed to have peaked, while MySpace just kept mushrooming, reaching 10 million users in 2006. Temptation knocked that same year. Yahoo wanted to launch a social network, and made an offer to buy Facebook from Zuckerberg. Initially he agreed to sell for a striking one billion dollars in cash. But then Yahoo hit, some problems, times were difficult, and they reduced the offer. Offended, and no longer convinced that Yahoo was a reliable partner, Zuckerberg turned down the new, reduced offer. Yahoo then changed its mind and made the one billion dollar offer again. But Zuckerberg refused: No. Little more than a teenager, he walked away from a billion dollars and kept his baby, Facebook. It seems that, he made a sound decision. Without the help of Yahoo, he managed to help Facebook grow from a college network to a total social network used by a vast variety of people around the world. Zuckerberg is compared to gurus like Steve Jobs of Apple and Bill Gates of Microsoft. Something like 1 million people per week sign up to use Facebook, and the majority are people over 35, meaning that it has really moved away from its college basis. In 2007 Zuckerberg sold a 1. 6% share in Facebook to Microsoft. At that time the value of Facebook was estimated at an overwhelming $ 15 billion. Born in 1984, but far from green, Zuckerberg is now considered to be one of the wealthiest men in America. Questions 66 ~ 70 Answer the following questions according to the passage.

What has the research found?In this section, you will hear five short news items. Each item will be read only once. After each item, there will be a fifteen-second pause. During the pause, read the question and the four choices marked A， B， C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre. 16. According to Business Insider, “Research suggests cats mirror our behaviour and mood. If you’re anxious, this could mean your cat is more fearful and overweight. People with dark personality traits are also more likely to have cats who bully others.” Many have theorized that this occurs because they are surprisingly aware of humans’ emotions. Cats pick up on emotional gestures. 17. A growing number of Earth’s insect populations now exist only in collections in museums. A new review of over 70 studies of insect populations suggests that human pressures are causing insect populations to decrease by as much as a quarter every decade. Their collapse is being driven by human activities, everything from traffic to industrial farming and pesticides to light pollution. 18. According to CNN.com, “Childhood obesity continues to rise around the world,” and the World Health Organization has called it “one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century.” A university assistant professor in New York who has studied childhood obesity on a global scale, wanted to clarify： “There are still more children that are underweight in the world than there are obese, but that’s likely to change pretty soon.” 19. To recruit more American students in STEM fields, the White House five-year strategic plan tries to remove social and financial barriers to a rewarding education and technical fields. University of District of Columbia’s Engineering School’s Dean believes many students avoid STEM because they think they have better options. They see opportunities in sports, philosophy or history or arts. Some experts believe that to compete with countries like China and India, the country needs to encourage STEM education at young age. 20. China will take a host of measures to boost development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), according to a statement issued by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The administration vowed to further regulate TCM health care services, and to greatly improve the capacity and system of technological innovation in TCM. Efforts will also be made to further standardize the TCM industry and expedite the fourth national survey on medicinal resources in the country. Standards should be worked out for establishing overseas TCM centres, so as to expand foreign exchanges and co-operation in TCM. Cats usually like owners with light personality traits. People like to play with their cats in front of a mirror. People with dark personality traits should not keep cats. People’ s behaviour and mood have an effect on their cats.

Summary Listen to the passage. For questions 26 -30, complete the notes using no more than three words for each blank. Elephants are highly intelligent animals with truly remarkable 【D6】______. The average elephant, spends much of its day eating and 【D7】______food. In fact, its memory may reach as far back as 【D8】______to recall a place where it ate in the past. In addition to these mental abilities, elephants can paint abstract pictures with their 【D9】______, and some of the pictures have been sold for a great deal of money to 【D10】______ feeding the elephants in the zoos. [*]Summary Listen to the passage. For questions 26~30, complete the notes using no more than three words for each blank. The mind of an elephant should not be underestimated. They are brilliant creatures blessed with both excellent memory and artistic talent. Elephants each consume approximately 495 pounds of vegetarian food a day. They spend about 16 hours a day eating, but must walk about 4 miles a day in search of food. This extreme need for food is a huge burden to the elephants. The average elephant lives approximately 70 years, and its sharp memory allows it to remember locations where it has found food as long as thirty years earlier, even as a baby. In an elephant’s travels, they come across other elephants also looking for food. Some elephants are friendly, and some are not so nice. Elephants remember every elephant they have ever met. They can even recognize an elephant they perhaps haven’t seen for thirty years. They immediately remember whether this elephant is a threat or a potential friend. When elephants are not searching for food，they sometimes produce art in the sand with their trunks. They seem to enjoy just relaxing and painting in the sand. One day, an elephant zoo-keeper noticed this and gave an elephant a paint brush filled with red paint to see what it would do. The zoo-keeper put a canvas on the ground to see if the elephant would paint on it. Sure enough, it did, and since then elephants in most zoos have been given paint brushes, paints, and canvases. The resulting abstract art has been sold for high prices around the world. The funds go to support feeding the elephants in the zoos. Most felt that the elephants were only capable of painting abstracts. However, they have been trained to paint trees, flowers, and other items in nature. This has enabled us to understand “elephant genius” even more.

—Did you like the new film? —No, it didn’ t______my expectations. make up for fall short of live up to come up with go down with

—Did Jane get angry at the remark on the Internet? —______it. She was quite pleased. Longer for Far from Sooner than Rather than Instead of

Which number should replace the guestion mark? [*]

The following data are about Chinese people’ s reading situation in 2016. Write a report about 80 ~ 100 words based on the information in the chart on the answer sheet. [*]

1. W: Rob, could you do me a favour? M: Of course. What do you need, Cindy? W: Well, I’m going to be out of town for a few days and I was wondering if you could look after a few things for me? M: Like what? W: Well, I’ve cancelled my mail, so you won’t have to pick that up. But could you take care of my dog and goldfish and water my plants for me? M: Of course. That’s what neighbours are for. Question: What doesn’t Rob have to do while Cindy is out? 2. M: Kelly, have you decided on your wedding date yet? W: No. We can’t agree on anything! M: What are the possibilities? W: Well, I would like to get married in October, because I’ve always wanted a fall wedding. But Josh thinks it would be easier for people to travel and attend in August. My parents want it to be in December, because they think the snow would be pretty. Josh’s pick is the most reasonable one, though, so we’ll probably go with that. Question: When will Kelly and Josh probably hold their wedding? 3. W: What are you working on, Sean? M: Hey, Megan. I’m working on my resume. But it’s not going very well. W: Why do you say that? M: Well, I’ve got a lot of years of experience and earned really good grades throughout college. However, I don’t have a lot of extracurricular activities. W: So what? M: I’ve heard employers like people who have a balanced life with unique hobbies and interests. Question: Why is Sean worried about his resume? 4. M: More than six million people live in Santiago, the capital of Chile. Many people work non-stop from morning until afternoon, like in most countries. But the tradition of nap is still important in Chile and many people feel that a break or a short nap is a good idea in today’s busy world. W: I think it’s important to take a nap, especially during work hours, which is a time when people feel a lot of stress. Question: What does the woman think of a nap? 5. M: Did you hear that James got into Boston University’s School of Graduate Studies for philosophy? He’s starting classes in September. W: Yes, I did. I also heard he got a full scholarship. They’re even paying for his apartment and giving him money for books and food. M: That sounds unbelievable! W: Well, but I guess he would be happier if he’d got into Columbia University. M: That was his first choice. Actually he was also accepted by Princeton but they didn’t give him a full scholarship, so he gave it up. W: Well, anyway, he should feel quite contented. Question: Why didn’t James choose to go to Princeton? Pick up the mail. Look after her dog. Water plants. Take care of goldfish.

Fires through the Indonesian countryside are due to a natural phenomenon.Listen to the conversation and mark each statement as either true（T） or false（F） according to what you hear. W: Fires burn through the Indonesian countryside, spreading thick smoke across parts of the country. Do you know what has caused them? M: As far as I know, they aren’t due to extreme weather or any other natural phenomenon, but are instead part of a man-made process called slash and burn. This process of cutting down and burning trees in order to plant new crops is used by many countries. W: Unfortunately, these fires produce thick smog that causes numerous negative health effects, which in turn has disrupted flights and forced the closure of schools in certain regions. M: Yes. And we cannot be sure how long the school will be closed. Every two days we are updated on the situation by the state’s Education Department and determine whether or not to reopen the school. W: Visibility in these conditions is poor—around only 80 metres—and flights to and from the city’s airport have either been delayed or canceled. M: Yes. So far, there have been no arrivals or departures today. Of the 74 flights scheduled for today, 19 have been canceled. As a tour agent, I feel disappointed as many tour groups have ended up canceling their trips. W: The negative health effects of this blanket of smog cannot be underestimated, either. In South Sumatra, one of the main centres of the fires, 22,585 cases of acute respiratory tract infections have been reported in just a few days. M: Countries use slash-and-bum techniques every year, causing similar health problems and disruption to everyday life. I think current laws are not strict enough to prevent this from happening. TRUE FALSE

When did Dr. Evans start to write her book Anger Management?Listen to the conversation. Then read the four choices marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best answer according to what you hear. M: Psychologist Dr. Evans has recently published a book entitled Anger Management. She has come on our show today to highlight the most important points of her new book. Welcome, Dr. Evans. W: Thank you. I’m happy to be here. M: How long have you been writing this book? W: In a sense I’ve been writing it since I became a psychologist twenty years ago. This book is based on all the research I’ve done throughout my career and on my experiences with patients. But I officially began writing it about two years ago, and it just came out in bookstores last month. M: Now could you tell us about some of the most important points in the book? W: One very important point I make at the beginning is actually hardly psychological, but rather sociological. M: Interesting. And what’s that? W: Anger is not a bad thing. In modern society we view anger as something negative, something we want to avoid. That’s a dangerous misconception. Anger is an emotion and we wouldn’t be human if we didn’t feel it. In fact, many sociologists and community organizers strongly promote that we accept anger in society because it’s a strong sign that something is wrong. They say if we use our anger to drive us to improve society and ourselves, then anger can be a very good thing. However, this is easier said than done. M: I see. W: And therefore, what I concentrate on is the type of anger people get and how they express it. In other words, how they manage it. M: What effect does inappropriate expression of anger have on people? W: That depends on the person. But one common inappropriate way of dealing with anger is to bottle it up. This is something I blame on modern society. It’s more acceptable for people to always be calm and coolheaded. Therefore, these people who follow this social norm instead of accepting their anger really suffer. This can lead to physical symptoms such as headaches and hypertension. Psychological symptoms of bottling up anger could be persistent violent thoughts or even nightmares. About two years ago. About twelve years ago. After finishing graduate school. After she became a psychologist 20 years ago.

He was supposed to meet me at ten o’ clock at the railway station, but he______. wasn’t doesn’t wouldn’t didn’t supposed not

—Do you know anything about paper-cut? —Well, I’ ve seen it______. being done to be done having done to have done doing

—Yon look different, Maria. Have you done something different to your hair? —Oh yes. I______red. got it dyed got it to dye got it dye got dyed it got dyed

—Will Michael eventually be put on trial? —Not______his old age and poor health. with respect to as for in view of apart for in spite of

Suppose we______so hard. Do you think we would have passed the examination? don’ t study are studying will study haven’ t studied hadn’ t studied

In the spring of 1947 some young Bedouins were busy looking for a lost goat along some cliffs 【C1】______ (overlook)the Dead Sea in modern Israel when they found a cave containing jars filled with manuscripts. They did not realize that they had just made one of the most amazing discoveries of the century. Only in 1948 【C2】______ the academic world realize what had happened: the manuscripts changed hands between dealers a few times before they finally ended 【C3】______in the hands of American and European scholars who must have been astonished by 【C4】______they saw. A year later the site of the find was identified as the cave now 【C5】______(know) as Qumran Cave 1. Further searches of Cave 1 revealed archaeological finds and more manuscript fragments, which in turn showed that the scrolls must be ancient and authentic. Between 1949 and 1956, ten 【C6】______ (much)caves were discovered around Qumran, and still more scrolls, as well as thousands of fragments of scrolls— scholars could hardly believe their luck. There were probably something like 800 manuscripts dating from approximately 200 BCE to 68 CE originally in the caves. Although scholars cannot know for sure who wrote the manuscripts, it is widely believed that the authors were connected to Jewish priests and were most likely not on【C7】fri______ terms with the priests of Jerusalem. They must have belonged to a 【C8】______(religion) Jewish community because the manuscripts are all references to the Old Testament, Jewish hymns, prayers and 【C9】______(write)of the patriarchs. The Qumran library is highly 【C10】______ (inform). These texts have increased our understanding of a particular historical moment in time, and they will most likely continue to be the object of close study for many years to come.

[*] Many people complain that their memory is bad, particularly as they get older. Phone numbers, names, facts we studied only a few days ago—life would be so much easier if we could remember them all effortlessly. So how can we improve our memory? Many people think that repeating things is the best way to remember them. While this undoubtedly helps short-term memory, psychologists doubt whether it can help you to remember things for very long. The British psychologist E. C. Stanford seemed to prove this point when he tested himself on five prayers that he had read aloud every morning for over 25 years. He found that he could remember no more than three words of some of them! More helpful, especially for remembering numbers, is “chunking“ , or grouping the information. The following numbers would be impossible for most of us to remember 1492178919931848. But look at them in “chunks“ , and it becomes much easier: 1492 1789 1993 1848. So what about “memory training“? We have all heard about people who can memorize packs of cards by heart—how is this done and can anyone learn how to do it? According to experts, there are various ways of training your memory. Many of them involve forming a mental picture of the items to be memorized. One method, which may be useful in learning foreign languages, is to create a picture in your mind associated with a word you want to remember. For example, an English person wishing to learn “pato“ (the Spanish word for “duck“)could associate it with the English verb “to pat“. Imagining someone patting a duck on the head would remind the learner of the Spanish word. Another method is to invent a story that includes all the things you want to remember. In experiments, people were asked to remember up to 120 words using this technigue; when tested afterwards, on average, they were able to recall 90 per cent of them. However, not all of us are interested in learning long lists of names and numbers just for fun. For those studying large guantities of information, psychologists suggest that the best way to “form meaningful connections“ is to ask yourself lots of guestions as you go along. For example, if you were reading about a particular disease, you would ask yourself guestions like: Do people get it from water? What parts of the body does it affect? And so on. This is said to be far more effective than time spent passively reading and re-reading notes. Questions 71 ~ 75 Complete the summary with a maximum of two words from the passage for each blank, changing the form where necessary. Repeating things is thought to be helpful for 【R1】______. A British psychologist found that chunking or grouping the information was a good way to 【R2】______. As to memory training, experts suggest three ways. First, 【R3】______ associated with the words you would like to remember will be useful in learning foreign languages. Second, invent a story with the things you want to remember. Third, learn to ask yourself lots of guestions to form 【R4】______, which is said to be 【R5】______than to read and re-read notes.

Change one word so that the sentence makes sense. Write the word you are taking out first and then your new word on the line. It was so hot last night that a tree in our garden was blown over.______ ______

Seguence [*] Which of the following continues the above sequence? [*]

Dictation Listen to the passage. For questions 21 ~ 25, fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. [*] We are very often impressed and excited by amazing predictions made by scientists regarding our future: how we will travel, how we will spend our free time, how we will eat and so on. 【D1】______before long we will have gadgets that let you watch TV while navigating in your auto-pilot car which also makes coffee and sandwiches as you travel to the station. There you will catch an air-train, which flies 【D2】______without touching it and breaks the speed of sound. It would be interesting to be around in 150 years to see how many of these predictions are accurate, but for the moment we can 【D3】______some past predictions about how technology will improve or not. Some of the most important inventions affecting our lives concern travel, and one of these is the aeroplane. We will soon all travel by gigantic flying shopping centres according to some experts, but was everyone convinced by the aeroplane back in the beginning? Some people believed that the aeroplane would just never happen. For example, Mr. Simon Newcomb declared that flight by machines 【D4】______air is insignificant and utterly impossible. Eighteen months later the Wright Brothers flew. Another who believed it was impossible was Lord Kelvin. He should have known better, being a mathematician, physicist and president of the British Royal Society. The brilliant inventor Thomas Edison turned out to be a little short-sighted when looking at the sky: he declared in 1895 that the aeroplane’ s possibilities 【D5】______and that it was better to research something else.In this section， you will hear two short passages. The passages will be read twice. After each passage, there will be a thirty-second pause. During the pause, write the answers on the answer sheet. Dictation Listen to the passage. For questions 21~25, fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. We are very often impressed and excited by amazing predictions made by scientists regarding our future: how we will travel, how we will spend our free time, how we will eat and so on. Apparently before long we will have gadgets that let you watch TV while navigating in your auto-pilot car which also makes coffee and sandwiches as you travel to the station. There you will catch an air-train, which flies along a rail without touching it and breaks the speed of sound. It would be interesting to be around in 150 years to see how many of these predictions are accurate, but for the moment we can content ourselves with some past predictions about how technology will improve or not. Some of the most important inventions affecting our lives concern travel, and one of these is the aeroplane. We will soon all travel by gigantic flying shopping centres according to some experts, but was everyone convinced by the aeroplane back in the beginning? Some people believed that the aeroplane would just never happen. For example, Mr. Simon Newcomb declared that flight by machines heavier than air is insignificant and utterly impossible. Eighteen months later the Wright Brothers flew. Another who believed it was impossible was Lord Kelvin. He should have known better, being a mathematician, physicist and president of the British Royal Society. The brilliant inventor Thomas Edison turned out to be a little short-sighted when looking at the sky: he declared in 1895 that the aeroplane’s possibilities were finished and that it was better to research something else.

Why did Zuckerberg create Facebook?

When did Facebook’ s users get to 7 million?

Who used Facebook mostly at the beginning?

Why was Zuckerberg offended by Yahoo?

How much was the value of Facebook estimated in 2007?