Email has completely changed the way we work today. It offers many benefits and, if used well, can be an excellent tool for improving your efficiency. Managed badly, though, email can be a waste of valuable time. Statistics indicate that office workers need to wade through an average of more than 30 emails a day. Despite your best efforts, unsolicited email or spam can clutter up the most organized inbox and infect your computer system with viruses. Here we give you guidance on protecting yourself. [*] Prioritizing incoming messages If you are regularly faced with a large volume of incoming messages, you need to prioritize your inbox to identify which emails are really important. If it is obvious spam, it can be deleted without reading. Then follow these steps for each email: - Check who the email is from. Were you expecting or hoping to hear from the sender? How quickly do they expect you to respond? - Check what the email is about. Is the subject urgent? Is it about an issue that falls within your sphere of responsibility, or should it just be forwarded to someone else? - Has the email been in your inbox for long? Check the message time. An initial scan like this can help you identify the emails that require your prompt attention. The others can be kept for reading at a more convenient time. Replying in stages Having prioritized your emails, you can answer them in stages, first with a brief acknowledgement and then a more detailed follow-up. This is particularly advisable when dealing with complicated matters where you do not want to give a rushed answer. If you decide to do this, tell the recipient a definite date when you will be able to get back to them and try to keep to this wherever possible. Some emails are uncomplicated and only require a brief, one line answer, so it is a good idea to reply to these immediately. For example, if all you need to say is, “ Yes, I can make the 10:00 meeting“ , or “Thanks, that’s just the information I needed“ , do it. If you are unable to reply there and then or choose not to, let the sender know that you have received the message and will be in touch as soon as possible. Questions 56 ~ 60 Complete the chart with no more than three words from the passage. [*]

Dictation Listen to the passage. For questions 21 -25, fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. Every child, every generation is a product of their times. And this is certainly true for the net generation, often 【D1】______as “Generation Y“. These children were bom from the late 1970s to the late 1990s. Growing up in relative affluence in many parts of the world, 【D2】______from family and friends, this generation is strong-minded, self-confident, and sometimes self-centered. Many Generation Y children in more affluent societies have fewer brothers and sisters than those in previous generations or are only children, and they are often quite spoilt and protected by their parents. In general, Generation Y is better dressed, better fed and better looked after than previous generations. Largely due of course to being the first generation to grow up with computers and the Internet, this generation is 【D3】______ and technologically savvy. While older generations are still getting used to sending emails, members of Generation Y are competent and constant users of mobile phones, 【D4】______music downloads and social networking sites—and are used to multitasking. They are creative, publishing their own blogs, websites, videos and music. And they are part of a global online community 【D5】______information and other young people from all over the world.In this section， you will hear two short passages. The passages will be read twice. After each passage， there will be a thirty-second pause. During the pause， write the answers on the answer sheet. Dictation Listen to the passage. For questions 21~25， fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you hear. Every child， every generation is a product of their times. And this is certainly true for the net generation， often referred to as “Generation Y”. These children were born from the late 1970s to the late 1990s. Growing up in relative affluence in many parts of the world， with great attention from family and friends， this generation is strong-minded， self-confident， and sometimes self-centered. Many Generation Y children in more affluent societies have fewer brothers and sisters than those in previous generations or are only children， and they are often quite spoilt and protected by their parents. In general， Generation Y is better dressed， better fed and better looked after than previous generations. Largely due of course to being the first generation to grow up with computers and the Internet， this generation is well-informed and technologically savvy. While older generations are still getting used to sending emails， members of Generation Y are competent and constant users of mobile phones， instant messaging， music downloads and social networking sites—and are used to multitasking. They are creative， publishing their own blogs， websites， videos and music. And they are part of a global online community with access to information and other young people from all over the world.

—Did you go to Andy’ s party last night? —______hard all day, I was exhausted so I stayed at home. Being working I work Because working Having worked I’ ve worked

[*] Everybody makes language mistakes, whether it is in their own language or a foreign language. Sometimes instead of the word that they wanted to say, a speaker uses a similar-sounding word. This is called a malapropism, 【C1】______the French phrase mat a propos, which means “inappropriate“. Malapropisms occur in everyday conversations, on the radio, in speeches and presentations. In some cases the word sounds strange. However, mistakes 【C2】______a civil serpent instead of a civil servant can be very funny, particularly when they are said by a well-known person in a particular【C3】cont______. Sports commentators and politicians seem to produce the funniest malapropisms.【C4】For______U. S. president George W. Bush, for example, made so many malapropisms and other 【C5】______(linguist)errors that these mistakes became known as “Bushisms“. His classic slips of the【C6】ton______included nuclear power pants instead of nuclear power plants. Speakers do not only use the wrong word, they often mispronounce words too. This can be because somebody does not know the 【C7】______(pronounce)of an unusual word—for example, words that are more common in【C8】wri______language. However, a speaker can also mispronounce a word 【C9】______mixing up the sounds in words. This is called a spoonerism. Mixing up sounds often creates nonsense words—for example, wook out the lindow instead of look out the window, but it can also create a funny change in meaning, such as a lack of pies instead of a pack of lies. Many people use spoonerisms 【C10】______(accident)when they are nervous or speak too quickly, but comedians use them deliberately as a comic play on words.

It is over 4, 000 kilometers long and crosses two-thirds of the USA. It has been called “The Mother Road“ and “The Main Street of America“. It has been in films, books and songs and there’ s even a piece on display at the Smithsonian Museum in Washington D. C. Welcome to Route 66. It starts in the hustle and bustle of Chicago and arrives in Los Angeles on the Pacific Ocean. Let’ s go back to the 1920s to see how it began. [*] 1920s In the early 1920s, life in Midwest America was very different. People did not use to travel much because there were no highways near the small towns. But in 1926, things started to change thanks to a new road called Route 66. This new road opened up the American West to hundreds of thousands of people. Agricultural communities that used to be isolated started to grow and develop into towns. Farmers were also able to sell their produce to big cities. 1930s In the mid-1930s, hard times returned. America was suffering from the Great Depression and across the country, millions of people were out of work. In the Midwest, severe drought conditions and dust storms destroyed farmland and thousands of families were forced to leave their homes. They headed for California, along Route 66, where they had heard there were agricultural jobs. Unfortunately, the mother road led them to shanty towns. Route 66 became associated with the pain and misery of this great migration. 1940s—1950s When the Great Depression came to an end after World War II, there was a new age of optimism and thousands moved from East to West. People had more free time and many owned cars. They drove along Route 66 to the beaches of California, visiting the Grand Canyon and other attractions along the way. It was boom time for the road and hundreds of diners, motels and service stations lined the route. Billboards and huge statues tempted tourists to stop at man-made and natural attractions, such as the giant Blue Whale in Oklahoma or the Meramec Caverns in Missouri. Then jazz musician Bobby Troupe wrote the hit song Route 66. The mother road had a brand new image—one of freedom and fun. 1956—The present As more people traveled from East to West, a newer, bigger road was needed and work began on a national interstate highway. Sadly, the towns and attractions along Route 66 began to die out. Then in the 1990s, people started campaigns to preserve the old road, new signs were put up and tourists began to travel down it once again. Today, the mother road still offers an amazing journey through the American West. Questions 66-70 Answer the following questions according to the passage.

Hawaii is the only island state in the United States, which comprised of a chain of 132 islands. It is also the only state that has official native languages. There are two official languages: English and Hawaiian. The Hawaiian language is very similar to languages spoken across the Pacific Ocean in places like Fiji and the Philippines. The Hawaiian language came very close to becoming an extinct language, though. A number of factors were involved in the decline of the Hawaiian language. First of all, the arrival of explorers in the late 1700s and missionaries in the early 1800s brought not only new cultures and ideas, but diseases as well. Many locals died because they had no immunity to those diseases. The number of native Hawaiian speakers fell rapidly. Second, the Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown and in 1896, English became the official language of schools and government. With an increasing American presence, English became the language of business, further limiting the use of Hawaiian. Year after year, the sounds of the native language became less common on the streets. When Hawaii became part of the United States in 1959, the people fought to have Hawaiian included as an official language. Now, more and more Hawaiians are trying to leam their ancestral language, and the Hawaiian state government is attempting to help them. Hawaiian classes are now taught in the schools. Hawaiian newspapers are published, and there are some Hawaiian radio shows. A new dictionary of the language was even created. One particularly novel way the government is trying to protect the language is by not allowing tourists to the island of Niihau. There, Hawaiian is the only language spoken by the residents! Although Hawaiian has been saved from extinction, it is spoken by only 1.5% of the population. Japanese and the Filipino language Tagalog are in much wider use in the Hawaiian Islands. The Hawaiian language still has a long way to go. If you visit, though, you might hear people using the Hawaiian word “aloha“ instead of “hello. “ Questions 71 ~ 75 Complete the summary with a maximum of two words from the passage for each blank, changing the form where necessary. Two official languages are spoken in Hawaii—English and Hawaiian. The Hawaiian language, which is 【R1】______languages spoken in the Philippines and Fiji, almost became extinct. Some factors affected the 【R2】______of the Hawaiian language. In the early time the arrival of explorers and missionaries brought not only new 【R3】______, but also diseases. These diseases made the number of native Hawaiian speakers 【R4】______. In the late 1900s English became the official language of schools and government, which limited the use of Hawaiian. Later, the Hawaiians and the state government made great efforts to prevent Hawaiian 【R5】______.

Which circle should replace the question mark? [*]

There will be five minutes for questions after each presentation.Listen to the conversation， and mark each statement as either true（T）or false（F）according to what you hear. W: Philip， how long is each presentation? M: Dr. White said three presentations per hour. W: So about twenty minutes? M: Well， it’ll be fifteen minutes for presentation， and five minutes for questions. W: What are we going to include? Do you think we ought to give some historical background? M: Definitely not， Julie， we don’t have time. W: But I think we ought to say something about the geographical location， because not a lot of people know where the islands are. M: OK. That’ll be helpful. W: Then we should give an overview of the education system. M: Shouldn’t we say something about the economy? It does influence the education system. W: Well， Dr. White said we needn’t go into that sort of detail. Right now we need to think about what visual aids to prepare. Dr. White wanted us to use plenty of visuals and things. M: Well， the most important thing is the overhead projector. W: We’ll get that from the Media Room. I must remember to book it. M: OK. Then we’ll need two maps， one of the islands， one of West Africa. W: The one of West Africa is no problem. There’s one in the Resources Room. M: Tell you what， there’s a very clear map of Canary Islands in that tourist brochure I showed you last week. Don’t you remember it? W: Oh yeah， that’s right. TRUE FALSE

What does the speaker say is essential for teachers in the United States?Listen to the conversation. Then read the four choices marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best answer according to what you hear. M: Hello and welcome to our fifth career choices seminar! Today we have Wendy Smith here to give us some information on the teaching career in the United States. W: Hello. M: First of all， can you tell us what personal qualities teachers need to have? W: In addition to being knowledgeable in their subject， teachers must have the ability to communicate， inspire trust and confidence， motivate students， as well as to understand their educational and emotional needs. It’s essential for teachers to be able to recognize and respond to individual differences in students， and employ different teaching methods. They should be organized， dependable， patient and creative. They must also be able to work cooperatively and communicate effectively with other teaching staff， support staff， parents， and other members of the community. M: How many teachers are employed in the United States? W: I have some data here from the year 2017， and teachers and related staff held about 10.1 million jobs that year. Of those， about 4.6 million were school teachers， and 5. 5 million were other teaching staff. Employment is distributed geographically， in much the same way as the population. M: What kind of training and qualifications do teachers need to work in the United States? W: All 50 states and the District of Columbia require public school teachers to be licensed. Licensing is not required for teachers in private schools. Teachers may be licensed to teach the early childhood grades， nursery school through grade 3， the elementary grades 1 through 8， the middle grades 5 through 8， a secondary education subject area for grades 7 through 12， or a special subject， such as reading or music for grades K through 12. M: What are the requirements for a license? W: Requirements for regular licenses vary by state. However， all states require a bachelor’s degree and completion of an approved teacher training program as well as supervised practice teaching. M: Finally， what challenges might teachers face in their careers? W: Seeing students develop new skills and gain an appreciation of knowledge and learning can be very rewarding， however， this can also be a big challenge. Having a good knowledge of the academic subjects they teach. Being punctual for class and good at keeping discipline in class. Recognizing students’ differences and employing different teaching methods. Answering whatever questions students may have about the subjects they learn.

How many countries and organizations will take part in the 2019 China Beijing International Horticultural Exhibition?In this section， you will hear five short news items. Each item will be read only once. After each item， there will be a fifteen-second pause. During the pause， read the question and the four choices marked A， B， C and D， and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre. 16. The 2019 China Beijing International Horticultural Exhibition will open on April 29， hosting more than 16 million people from 86 countries and 26 international organizations. Construction work on four main pavilions for the expo has been completed. The infrastructures have been put into operation in the park， said the deputy director of the 2019 expo coordination bureau. 17. The art of building small wooden boats is being used to help young， at-risk adults in the United States. These young people are being trained and working as apprentices in a boat building program in Alexandria， Virginia. The Alexandria Seaport Foundation is providing support for the program. It aims to help those who have little hope of attending college or finding a well-paying job. The goal is to give young people the skills， state of mind and self-control to change their lives for the better. 18. People in Japan pay good money to eat the deadly pufferfish. There， the food is called fugu. Eating fugu is especially popular during the winter holiday season. But in the last few years， the fugu market has seen a change. The part of the ocean where pufferfish live is warming quickly. Consequently， pufferfish are traveling north to find cooler water. Along the way， new kinds of poisonous fish are being created. The Japanese government has ordered fishermen and fish traders to throw away any hybrids that they catch. 19. Alan Naiman was known for being careful about how he spent his money. But even those closest to him had no knowledge of the fortune he quietly gathered and the last act he had planned. Naiman died of cancer at age 63 last January. The man from the state of Washington gave most of his money to groups that help the poor， sick， disabled and abandoned children. He gave them $11 million. The large amount of his fortune shocked the groups that received his gifts and even his best friends. 20. The debate on whether eggs are good or bad for people is never ending， but a new study conducted by researchers at the University of Eastern Finland is definitely pro-egg. According to the study， the consumption of one egg a day is associated with a lower risk for type 2 diabetes. The key components in eggs that give them their diabetes-crushing power appear to be certain lipid molecules. Mother Nature Network pointed out that this study looked strictly at egg consumption in moderation， so this doesn’t mean we should start gorging on eggs. 86. 112. 126. 160.

My father tried to______his voice but my mother realized who it was at once. disguise blow hide rearrange revise

—Would you like to come to the ballet with me tonight? —Oh yes, thank you. I would be______to go with you. delight delighted delightful delightedly delighting

Linda’ s mum urges her to pack lots of warm clothes______it gets cold at night. unless in that otherwise so that in case

If you checked your work and wrote______, you______have to rewrite it later. clearly; did less clearly; needn’ t more clearly; won’ t more clearly; wouldn’ t most clearly; would

If Ellen always eats so much, she will______weight very quickly. add up put on grow up raise up take on

Jim and Sue______each other at the National Library yesterday and they were really surprised to see each other long after graduation from college. put up with bumped into came into looked into got away with

—How are you doing since you quit your teaching job? —______I work outdoors now, as a gardener. The money is not so good, but I love the work! —That’ s good. You were really brave to make the change. What a tiring job! Don’t mention it. I’ m doing great! Pardon? You’ re quite right.

—What’s Laura going to do when she leaves school? —Until a few months ago, she was thinking of going to university, but she’ s changed her mind. Now she believes she’ s going to make it in the pop world. —______ —We think she’ s making an enormous mistake. How do you feel about that? What’ s she doing just now? What makes her change her mind? She’ s doing great in the pop world. I think the university she chose is good.

据俄罗斯卫星新闻报道，俄罗斯教育科学部副部长谢尔盖-克拉夫佐夫日前宣布，【T1】汉语将作为一门外语进入俄罗斯高考(include)。他称： “2019年将首次在国家统一考试中进行汉语科目的考试。我方连续测试了几年，这个过程很不容易。【T2】这是一种特殊的语言，教和学的方法与其他语言很不相同(非限制性定语从句)。我们花费了很多时间，进行了许多测试，目的是出台相当高质量的考试材料。”据副部长介绍，【T3】为期三年的准备工作于2017年完成(complete)。该项准备工作主要包括笔试和口试的技术准备、参考资料的搜集和人才的储备。俄罗斯国家统一考试同时也是中学生毕业考试和高考，目前包括14个科目。迄今为止，俄罗斯国家统一考试外语科目包括四种语言：英语、德语、法语和西班牙语。汉语将成为俄罗斯高考的第五门外语。【T4】随着中俄经贸合作的加强，汉语学习在俄罗斯也不断发展(constantly grow)。俄罗斯某地区语言学研究中心的一项调查显示，在过去10年里，俄罗斯汉语学习者的数量大幅增长，从2007年的1．7万人增至2017年的5．6万人。【T5】据业内人士证实，具有相关专业背景和汉语水平的学生在求职时更具有竞争力(confirm)。

Translate the underlined phrase into Chinese. The test was so difficult that I really had to rack my brains to find the answers.

There are five kittens called Arthur, Bess, Cosy, Daisy and Ethel. Arthur, Cosy and Daisy prefer Top Cat catfood, while the others prefer Baby Paws catfood. Bess, Cosy and Ethel are the only ones that eat biscuits. Bess and Ethel prefer milk to water. Only Arthur and Ethel wear collars. Which kittens prefer Top Cat catfood and drink water, but dislike biscuits?