People often complained about not getting “a good night’s sleep“, but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well, while others survive on only a few hours. Still, most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times, people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours, waking up, then going back to sleep. Before the 18th century, people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire, candles, or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people’s sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period, you might be a hard-working farmer, and you would come home, eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9:00 or 10:00 P.M. In this first period of sleep—called first sleep—you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards. Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch, or watching period. When you came out of first sleep, you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow, meditate on the day’s events or the meaning of a dream, or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing, you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture. Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight. Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours (from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and then slept again for four hours till early morning. Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping “problem“, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping. A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.

According to Bartlett, reflective teaching includes five stages, mapping, informing and three other stages EXCEPT______. monitoring contesting appraisal acting

David has tried 3 times to repair the clock. He will try______time after having a rest. four fourth the fourth a fourth

We can’t help you______you tell us what’s wrong. since unless if when

Which of the following sentences is pronounced with a rise-fall tone? He won’t come home for lunch, will he? Have you finished your homework? Are you a student or a teacher? How are you?

Which of the following words does not have consonant cluster? spring master test stream

什么是课堂总结(5分)?它的作用是什么(5分)?请具体说出两种课堂总结方法并举例(10分)。

下面是某初中教师在教授了“过去进行时”这一语法内容之后设计的练习活动。 Activity 1 T: Hi, what were you doing at 8 p.m. yesterday? S1: I was doing my homework. T: Good. Ask the student behind you the same question. S1: What were you doing at 8 p.m. yesterday? S2: I was watching TV. What were you doing at 8 p.m. yesterday? S3: I was cleaning my room. What were you doing at 8 p.m. yesterday? … Activity 2 T: Now let’s see who has the best memory. I was cooking at 6 o’clock yesterday evening. What about you? S1: I was having dinner. T: Tell your partner like this: Ms. Zhang was cooking at 6 o’clock yesterday evening. I was having dinner. S1: Ms. Zhang was cooking at 6 o’clock yesterday evening. I was having dinner. S2: Ms. Zhang was cooking at 6 o’clock yesterday evening. S1 was having dinner. I was doing some shopping. S3: ... 根据上面的信息，从下面三个方面作答： (1)该教师设计的两个活动属于什么类型的语法操练活动?请简要说明。(6分) (2)该设计中存在什么问题?(12分) (3)针对存在的问题提出合理的建议。(12分)

The teacher gives students 2 minutes to skim a text, and when time is up, he asks students to stop and answer some questions. Here the teacher is playing the role of a(n)______. assessor prompter participant controller

When a teacher intends to present or explain a new language point, which of the following grouping methods is mostly recommended? Whole class work. Group work. Pair work. Individual work.

______stage for teaching writing includes discussion or debate on relevant topic, picture telling, free talk, reading short passages, and audio-visual activities. Pre-writing While-writing Post-writing Intensive-writing

In a listening class, a teacher asks students to listen to the material carefully and try to discriminate the speaker’s attitude towards lifelong learning. What sub-skill of listening is the teacher training? Listening for gist. Word Guessing. Inferring. Recognizing communicative signals.

The word “denaturalization“ consists of______morphemes. 3 4 5 6

People often complained about not getting “a good night’s sleep“, but sleep patterns differ from person to person. Most adults require six to eight hours of sleep to function well, while others survive on only a few hours. Still, most people today think of sleep as one continuous period of downtime. This is not the way people used to sleep. According to researchers in earlier times, people divided sleep by first sleep a few hours, waking up, then going back to sleep. Before the 18th century, people had no gas or electricity in their homes. Fire, candles, or oil lamps were the common forms of lighting. This lack of artificial lighting in homes contributed to people’s sleep patterns. It made sense for people to go to bed early. If you live in this time period, you might be a hard-working farmer, and you would come home, eat and quickly fall into bed exhausted. You would probably go to sleep at 9:00 or 10:00 P.M. In this first period of sleep—called first sleep—you would typically sleep until midnight or shortly afterwards. Halfway through the night during a period some call the watch, or watching period. When you came out of first sleep, you would stay in bed and relax quietly. You might talk with a bedfellow, meditate on the day’s events or the meaning of a dream, or just let your mind wander. If you enjoyed writing or drawing, you might get out of bed to write a poem or story or draw a picture. Then you would start to feel sleepy, so would return to bed and fall asleep again for your second sleep. This period would continue until early morning when daylight arrived. Again, with no artificial lighting in homes, people naturally woke up early to take advantage of sunlight. Today, human may consider divided sleep a strange habit, but sleep researchers say that it is actually a more natural sleep pattern. Dr. Thomas Wehr of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has studied human sleep. He thinks that modern sleep problems occur because the orderly, natural way of sleep is breaking through the more recent continuous sleep pattern. Wehr and other scientists believe that artificial lighting has altered the way people sleep. In a research study, he asked 15 adults to rest and sleep in darkness for 14 hours (from 6:00 P.M. to 8:00 A.M.). At first, the subjects took a few hours to get to sleep, and then slept 11 hours a night. Then overtime, they switched to divided sleep. They fell asleep for about 3 or 5 hours in the evening, stay awake for an hour of two and then slept again for four hours till early morning. Unlike the people in the study, we modern humans generally do not practice divided sleep. However, many of us have the experience of waking up in the middle of the night. We usually consider this a sleeping “problem“, but perhaps we should look at it as natural behavior. Divided sleep may be the way we should all be sleeping. A first sleep followed by a relation period and a second period of sleep could help all of us to beat the stress of our fast-paced lives.

One of the world’s first videogames, Tetris, has turned thirty years old, and its brand is anything but old school. But what’s kept people swiping and clicking to ensure each row of blocks stays aligned and disappears into the virtual world since its development in 1984 Soviet Russia? A combination of new platforms and an attracting psychological appeal. Maya Rogers, the CEO of Blue Planet Software, the sole agent of the Tetris brand, said the protection of the game’s core over the last three decades has aided its longevity. As mobile and social become two of the largest sources for gaming these days, Tetris isn’t showing any signs of losing its appeal. Currently appearing on over 50 different gaming platforms, from the 1983 Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) to smartphones, Tetris is sold on over 425 million mobile devices. More than 20 billion games of Tetris Battle have been played on Facebook, too. There’s something psychologically entrancing about the game, that’s kept people hooked through the years. “Play a game of Tetris,“ said Rogers, “and satisfy your craving to create order out of chaos.“ Plus, there’s the added quality of playing Tetris and never feeling wholly fulfilled. “There’s no correct move that you can make,“ said Neubauer, a loyal player of the game who work as a senior analyst at Saibus Research, an independent research and advisory firm, “The quest for the perfect move never ends.“ Tom Stafford, a professor of cognitive development and psychology at Sheffield University in the U.K., says that Tetris has been around so long because it transports gamers into a different realm when they play. “It’s a world of perpetually generating uncompleted tasks,“ he said. As he’s said in the past, too, “Tetris is the granddaddy of puzzle games like Candy Crush saga—the things that keep us puzzling away for hours, days and weeks.“ “Tetris is pure game: there is no benefit to it, nothing to learn, no social or physical consequence,“ he added. “It is almost completely pointless, but keeps us coming back for more.“

As for a lesson plan, a teacher says, “When do lesson planning, I always prepare some extra and alternative tasks and activities so that I have the options to cope with the unexpected situations.“ According to the teacher’s words, we can know that the teacher follows the principle of ______in lesson planning. linkage variety flexibility learnability

When students learn “apple, orange“, the teacher gives students another word “fruit“. Which principle does the teacher follow in his/her vocabulary teaching? Word-choice principle. Presentation principle. Culture principle. Systematic principle.

Which of the following is a communicative activity? Listening to the news report and talking about an event. Listening to the news report and filling in a form. Listening to the news report and writing the main idea. Transferring the information from the news report into a chart.

When teaching______, teachers should not only focus on words or grammar, but also foster the ability to understand the relationship between sound, grammar and lexis, as well as a capacity to infer and determine relationships between sentences. listening speaking reading writing

Which of the following is most suitable for the cultivation of linguistic competence? Sentence-making. Cue-card dialogue. Simulated dialogue. Learning syntax.

The function of the sentence “Australia lies in the southern hemisphere.“ is______. interrogative directive informative performative

Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?

What conclusion does the writer make about divided sleep?

In paragraph 5, what does the research study suggest about divided sleep?

What is the main purpose of paragraph 2~4?

What is the main idea of the text?