Come on—Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good— drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word. Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. “Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!“ pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers— teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the loveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed. There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones—spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day. Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

Which of the following shows the proper pronunciation of the segment “meet you“ in connected speech? /mi: tju/ /mi: d3u/ /mi: t∫u/ /mi: 3u/

With the third wave of education and future application of AI, ______the shift in how workers see learning throughout their life. coming came comes come

It was 10 o’clock______Jill arrived at the office, which made the boss annoyed. when that which then

Which of the following is a communicative activity? Listening to the news report and talking about an event. Listening to the news report and filling in a form. Listening to the news report and writing the main idea. Transferring the information from the news report into a chart.

设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计20分钟的英语写作教学方案。教案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点： -teaching objectives -teaching contents -key and difficult points -major steps and time allocation -activities and justifications 教学时间：20分钟学生概况：某城镇普通中学高中一年级学生，班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》五级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。语言素材： Your school is recently starting a new column in the school English newspaper to talk about good habits for learning English. Here is the first article published in the column. Good learning habits It’s useful and necessary to discuss learning habits. As we all know, good learning habits can make your study go to succeed. As a student, we should pay more attentions to our habits which we develop in our study. I’m sure “repeat“ is a best habit. Do you develop the habit? If we want to improve our study, we should repeat what the teachers taught us again and again, and then we can understand or remember the knowledge which the teachers demand us to master. How to develop the habit? The first step, set a timetable, and stick to carry out the plan, don’t stop. When I do my homework, I often make mistakes with carelessness, how to overcome the shortage? I think I should think about it over and over as long as I do my homework. And then I do it little by little. Maybe in this way I can correct my mistakes. Please write an article about English learning habits basing on your own learning experience.

Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers—use nonscientific modes of thought. This kind of thinking way is different from science. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been non-verbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them. The creative shaping process of a technologist’s mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of lightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary. Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curriculum. Nonverbal thinking of a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail “hard thinking“, nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive Process and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools. If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations: they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.

_____is not a minimal pair in English. sink and zinc fine and vine bat and pat teach and cheat

Chinese people eat rice dumplings on the Dragon Boat Festival, ______is observed in honor of Qu Yuan. that which when where

_____that he would get a promotion soon, he felt grateful and worked even harder. Having convinced Been convinced Convincing Convinced

An illocutionary act is identical with______. sentence meaning the speaker’s intention language understanding the speaker’s competence

Which of the following does a teacher want his/her students to develop if he/she requires them to sort out and sum up the knowledge they have learned? Affective strategy. Communication strategy. Metacognitive strategy. Cognitive strategy.

In a listening class, a teacher asks students to listen to the material carefully and try to discriminate the speaker’s attitude towards lifelong learning. What sub-skill of listening is the teacher training? Listening for gist. Word guessing. Inferring. Recognizing communicative signals.

As for a lesson plan, a teacher says, “When do lesson planning, I always prepare some extra and alternative tasks and activities so that I have the options to cope with the unexpected situations.“ According to the teacher’s words, we can know that the teacher follows the principle of______in lesson planning. linkage variety flexibility learnability

When a teacher intends to present or explain a new language point, which of the following grouping methods is mostly recommended? Whole class work. Group work. Pair work. Individual work.

Which of the following activities can be adopted at the pre-reading stage? Re-arranging the materials. Brainstorming the topic. Writing a summary of the text. Locating the specific information.

请简述3P模式的内涵(6分)，并说明3P模式应如何应用在口语教学当中(14分)。

下面教学片段选自两位英语教师的课堂实录(片段中T指教师，S指学生)。 Teacher 1: T: What did you have for breakfast this morning? S: I have a bottle of milk, an egg and two cakes. T: Oh. You should say “I had a bottle of milk ...“ . Read after me, please. Teacher 2: T: What did you do yesterday? S: I go to see a friend of mine yesterday. T: Oh, yes. You went to see a friend of yours yesterday. 根据上面所给的信息，从下列三个方面作答： (1)学生在对话中的语言错误是什么?(4分) (2)请就两位教师的纠错方式进行评价。(10分) (3)课堂教学中还可以采用哪种纠错方式?请举例说明。(16分)

If you______to Mr. Smith more carefully, you could work out the problem without any difficulty now. listened listen had listened have listened

In your free time, ______this incredible city and you will certainly have an unforgettable experience. exploring explore explored to explore

A sound which is capable of distinguishing one word in meaning from another in a given language is a______. phone phoneme allophone allomorph

According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as______.

Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should______.

In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to______.

Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation of behaviors

The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is______.