The bad effects of traffic jams include the following EXCEPT______.As more people move to the edge of towns and cities, traffic congestion may get worse. It is compounded by people being brought into the city on large roads or motorways. These roads then link up with smaller, older, narrower roads in the city center. This causes a bottleneck and congestion or traffic jams. Traffic jams are the misery of motorists’ lives, whether it’s the daily bottleneck during the commute to work, or endless delays on motorways at the start of the holidays. Jams are not only frustrating, they are also a major contributor to air pollution, and that’s bad not just for our climate, but everybody’s health too. This isn’t a new problem, of course. During the car boom of the 1960s, city planners had one seemingly obvious solution: build more and wider roads. But it didn’t work. The more roads created, the more cars they attracted. While every city — whether London, Beijing or New York — has its unique set of traffic problems, there are a few common issues: many people insist on driving their own car, instead of sharing rides or using a bicycle; up to a third of cars on roads are drivers looking for a place to park; and then there’s the human factor: most of us simply are not very efficient drivers. Congested roads are a headache for many modern cities, but what are the solutions? Some cities have tried to manage this problem by introducing traffic management schemes. These schemes may include: 1)The introduction of Park and Ride schemes. People park in car parks on the edge of a settlement and catch regular buses into the center. 2)Pedestrianized areas are designated as “pedestrian only“ zones. 3)Vehicle exclusion zones—certain types of vehicles are excluded from certain parts of a city. 4)Car-pooling—people are encouraged to share cars. This has been used a lot in the USA. 5)Traffic calming—roads narrowing and speed bumps make traffic move slower around narrower streets. 6)Other cities like Beijing have resorted to less subtle methods, like banning cars from driving on certain days, alternating between cars with license plates that end in, say, even or uneven numbers. the smaller, older, and narrower roads in the city center endless delays on motorways a major contributor to air pollution bad effect on climate and everybody’s health

The wearable antennas may have potential application in many areas. According to the speaker, which of the following is NOT one of them?Humans may become walking antennas for remote monitoring and mobile communications — with the help of a recent research to produce antennas integrated into clothing. Still under development, the wearable antennas have potential application in biomedical monitoring, sports analysis, military and emergency communications. The antennas can be incorporated into clothing using computerized embroidery into conductive fabric. A range of different shaped and sized antennas can be produced using altered patterns in the embroidery. Wearable electronic systems for a range of communications applications have grown exponentially over the last few years. But the problem is these devices need very efficient antennas to communicate with the data receiver and to power the sensors being used — especially with radio frequency identification (RFTD)systems where the radiowave has to power the whole system. Another issue is that the human body does not make a good environment for our antenna. We are a container of saltwater from an electromagnetic point of view; we absorb and change the characteristic of the signal, rather than transmitting it efficiently. The solution being developed is a T-shirt made of conductive metallised fabric which is low-cost, flexible and lightweight. It doesn’t deteriorate easily and is washable, with the antenna embroidered onto the textile. The difficulty of incorporating the electronics has been overcome with using snap-on buttons which form a connection between the textile antenna and the sensor device. These can easily be removed for washing. The electronics can’t be directly integrated into the T-shirt because they would be uncomfortable to wear and aren’t water-proof. A recent research finding has shown that these readily available snap-on buttons used commonly on clothing make very reliable connections between the antenna and the electronics. Biomedical monitoring. Sports analysis. Clothing making. Emergency communications

Social changes together with reorientation of social values and increased participation of women in production of economic goods and services promoted functional and structural changes in the institution of the family. New patterns of marriages emerged superseding arranged marriages. There is a tendency on the part of younger generations, to overlook the consent of the “procreated“ family for conduct of sexual behavior. Divorce and remarriage gained ground in most countries, especially in the Western World. Children born out of wedlock became a common phenomenon. Cohabitation became popular among the young generations. Some of them tended to think of such sexual behavior as some kind of pre-marriage experiment. As much as in Western European countries, this phenomenon is visible in Asian countries too. This situation poses a strong potential to change the attitudes, particularly of the younger generation, who experience and experiment with the changes, causing a pattern of delayed marriage. A resultant outcome is the decline in birth rate. Another issue arising out of such situations is the absence of a legal heir for property if one of the partners met with an accident. Overall increase in divorces almost in every region of the world from the 1960’s is another important development in the demographic sphere. Two major reasons can be identified for this trend. New legislation had been enacted making the procedures associated with the act of divorce easier, to meet the newly emerging economic and development needs. The attitudes towards women and the social status of women underwent a change. Comprehension and conceptualization of gender equity and gender based discussions occurred during the period. Economic empowerment of women through employment tended to loosen their bonds to the patriarchal family and gave them the taste of economic independence. Women experienced a greater confidence to discontinue a bad relationship with a married partner. Increases in divorce rates imply that the number of single parent families also increases. This situation severely affects the socio-economic conditions of families with children, which means that security, education and welfare of these children would hardly be met. Most frequently single parent families are headed by women. Another new trend is the increasing number of childless families, improvement in social status of women from about 1970’s, partly as a result of increased access to higher education and the labor force have changed fundamentally family roles. Newly married couples have greater choice, thanks to the availability of various contraceptive methods, to have fewer children, or to delay child birth until they have their careers well established. As the number of children in families decrease the proportion of older family members increases. With this increase, the structure and functions attributed to various members of the family undergo changes. Such a process places a burden on the wider society in the form of need for provision of welfare services for older persons, and the need for provision of more capital. Generally the family as a social institution provides lifetime emotional, social, economic and health support for each of its members. Therefore, the family has two different aspects in relation to the process of population ageing. First the family itself undergoes a transformation as a result of demographic changes, which are part of the ageing process. Second, the family serves as a buffer lessening the social and economic impact of population ageing on its members. Another thing is that the “ new“ family life became much more home centered in various senses. The house had become a more pleasant place and people now had increased means with which to make themselves comfortable. Intra family relationship within the wider kin group is becoming less significant and the nuclear family household increased its importance. More and more home centric men and women could be identified in a significant way. There is a need to identify various problems that emerged due to the changes in functions and the structure of the family unit. Reduction of emotional and physical support by the family would directly affect the personality development of children and their health. There are unmet needs of social security provisions and care for older persons, which result in additional social costs at macro-levels. These are key issues in the policy making process particularly in developing nations. There is a need for policy-making, taking in to consideration the needs of the family at the grass root level, which would be different from a “top down“ approach, but tending towards a “bottom up“ technique of planning and the recognition of sociological aspects of family life in policy making.

What happened to the spy during the trial?The spy was as close as an oyster during the trial. He made a confession. He did not say any word. He betrayed his country. He died.

According to the speaker, what is the problem with watching TV?The average American kid spends more time watching TV than attending school. Elderly people watch TV even more than kids, since this is their main entertainment at home. TV is inherent in our lives. The problem is not with watching — the problem is with watching what: breeding violence and aggression through horror films or being stupefied by silly talk shows of many kinds. High quality TV is always positive. So, learn to switch on the right channel. The average American citizen watches TV as if it were a half-time job: four hours daily. By retirement, the average American citizen will have spent nine hours a day for years glued to lights on the TV screen. TV is powerful because it is politically oriented; it establishes public standards, it denies alternative thinking; it only simulates a variety of opinions, hiding back the ideology of mass conformism. Watching too much TV dehumanizes you, weakens your little gray cells, and makes your critical and reflective thinking abortive. TV plays with TV viewers, as if it were a cat and all of us were mice. We are eaten, turning into TV products, since we buy what the box recommends us to buy, we want to have such looks as our TV favorites have. We are programmed, we are told how to relate to events, how to feel in certain situations. All TV tricks are hidden from us, but their influences are similar to the invasion of a body by cancer cells. There is no chance to escape from the influence of television. But there is a chance to reduce negative influences of TV, selecting high quality programs and limiting time watching TV. Find an alternative to TV. But if you are a TV addict, stick to your addiction sincerely. Keep away from chewing your snacks or drinking your beer. TV does not have a negative impact on our society. It is a powerful source of information and a huge industry of entertainment that is inherent in our lives. Like anything, it is good when it is balanced with other leisure pursuits. The problem with behavior. The problem with contents. The problem with time. The problem with age.

A city that acts more like a living organism is said to be a smart city.How do you fancy living in a smart city with which you can interact? It is a city that acts more like a living organism. It is a city that can respond to your needs. Around the world such cities are already being built, from Masdar in Abu Dhabi to Songdo in South Korea. Now the chaotic city near you may be in line for a makeover. In the future everything in a city, from the electricity grid, to the sewer pipes to roads, buildings and cars will be connected to the network. Buildings will turn off the lights for you, self-driving cars will find you that sought-after parking space, and even the rubbish bins will be smart. But how do we get to this smarter future. Who will be monitoring and controlling the sensors that will increasingly be on every building, lamp-post and pipe in the city? And is it a future we even want? Technology firms such as IBM, Siemens, Microsoft, Intel and Cisco are busy selling their software to solve a range of city problems, from water leaks to air pollution to traffic congestion. In Singapore, Stockholm and California, IBM is gathering traffic data and running it via algorithms to predict where a traffic jam will occur an hour before it has happened. Meanwhile in Rio, it has built a Nasa-style control room where banks of screens suck up data from sensors and cameras located around the city. In total, IBM has some 2,500 smarter cities projects around the world and has even trademarked the term “smarter cities“. 正确错误

What do we know about Coursera?Coursera is a MOOC platform that has provided free online courses to two million students, and is now looking toward mobile optimization and workforce development. It is now looking toward mobibe optimization. It has two billion students. It is the only MOOC platform. It has provided online games.

Child abuse is the physical, psychological, social, emotional or sexual maltreatment of a child. It harms or【L1】______ the survival, safety, 【L2】______, growth and/or development of the child. It can involve a single act or 【L3】______incidents. Family Violence research indicates that even when children are not 【L4】______of violence in the home, they can be harmed by witnessing its 【L5】______. Children who 【L6】______ situations of family violence can suffer immediate and permanent 【L7】______, even death. They can also experience short and 【L8】______ emotional, behavioral and developmental problems, including post-traumatic 【L9】______. In some cases of physical and sexual abuse, 【L10】______have considerable problems with behavior, negative peer involvement, 【L11】______, anxiety, violence to others, 【L12】______, irregular school attendance and 【L13】______sexual behavior. It is known that witnessing family violence is as 【L14】______as experiencing it directly. Often parents believe that they have 【L15】______ intimate partner violence, but research indicates that children 【L16】______ many of the incidents. Children who witness family violence suffer the same 【L17】______as those who are directly abused. 【L18】______, a child who witnesses intimate partner violence is experiencing a form of 【L19】______. Remember in your mind: every child has the right to be 【L20】______and to be safe.Child abuse is the physical, psychological, social, emotional or sexual maltreatment of a child. It harms or endangers the survival, safety, self-esteem, growth and/or development of the child. It can involve a single act or a pattern of incidents. Family Violence research indicates that even when children are not direct targets of violence in the home, they can be harmed by witnessing its occurrence. Children who live in situations of family violence can suffer immediate and permanent physical harm, even death. They can also experience short and long-term emotional, behavioral and developmental problems, including post-traumatic stress disorder. In some cases of physical and sexual abuse, the victims have considerable problems with behavior, negative peer involvement, depression, anxiety, violence to others, developmental delays, irregular school attendance and inappropriate sexual behavior. It is known that witnessing family violence is as harmful as experiencing it directly. Often parents believe that they have shielded their children from intimate partner violence, but research indicates that children see or hear many of the incidents. Children who witness family violence suffer the same consequences as those who are directly abused. In other words, a child who witnesses intimate partner violence is experiencing a form of child abuse. Remember in your mind: every child has the right to be nurtured and to be safe.

Why did city planners build more and wider roads?

Which of the following is one of the common issues of every city’s traffic problems?

Which one of the following traffic management schemes has been used a lot in the USA?

What is Beijing’s traffic management scheme?