Children’s literature traces its beginnings to preliterate times, when ancient storytellers passed tales and legends from generation to generation in the oral tradition. William Caxton, who established England’s first printing press, published books of etiquette, fables and legends. However, these didn’t constitute a body of work that could be considered literature for children. Because children at that time were considered “miniature adults“ , books were didactic in nature. The content for young readers consisted mainly of religious instruction, rules of behavior, ethical messages, and moral platitudes. In 1774, Englishman John Newberry changed children’s publishing when he began to create books with attractive formats, quality illustrations, and sturdy bindings, that were designed primarily for children to enjoy. The oldest, and most prestigious award given for childre’s books published in America, is the Newberry Medal. In the’ following century, children’s literature began to bloom. Hans Christian Andersen’s wonderful stories like “The Ugly Duckling“, and “The Little Mermaid“ , and Grimm brothers collected two volumes of German folktales that included stories such as “Snow White“ and “Rumpelstiltskin“. Childhood came to be recognized as a joyful and carefree period of life, and books celebrating it began to be published. Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carrol) wrote the fantasy “Alice in Wonderland“ , the first book that was intended purely for children’s enjoyment without any pretense of instruction. Edwards Lear’s books of nonsense poetry delighted both young and old readers. In North America, books for a young audience were becoming popular as well. Kate Douglas Wiggin wrote “ Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm“ , Louisa May Alcott wrote “Little Women“ , and Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) created Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. By the end of the century, the pious and moralistic books of earlier times had been replaced by writing designed to amuse and entertain a young audience. In the 1800s color printing was introduced, and by the middle of the 19th century, the rough illustrations that characterized earlier children’s books had been replaced by works of art that captured the word and some of the story.

According to the passage, the early books of etiquette, fables, and legends could not really be considered children’s literature because______.

A．the children couldn’t read them

B．the early books were too heavy for children to use

C．the stories were too difficult for children to appreciate

D．the stories were for education rather than enjoyment

According to the passage, what changed children’s publishing in 1774?

A．The Newberry Medal.

B．Some books began to be produced mainly for children to enjoy.

C．Some books had attractive formats, quality illustrations and sturdy bindings.

D．Some books no longer contained religious instruction rules of behavior, ethical messages and moral platitudes.

What does the author mean by the statement “children’s literature began to bloom“ underlined in Paragraph 2?

A．Quality illustrations and attractive formats made books more appealing.

B．Illustrations often included flowers.

C．It became more varied and attractive.

D．It became more numerous and popular.

What impact did color printing have on children’s books?

A．Sales increased by the middle of the 19th century.

B．Rough illustrations were now more appealing.

C．Illustrations told more of the story and were more appealing.

D．Books became more amusing.

The statement is______incorrect. substantially inherently exhaustedly prudently

The rebels are planning the______of the King and the establishment of a republic. exchange persecution overthrow subordination

Heart______is much more common these days than it was even ten years ago. surgery surgeon work circulation

I was discharged in 1947 and, motivated by intellectual curiosity, decided upon a career in medical research at a time when such a choice was not______. fashionable adaptable welcome warmhearted

Unfortunately, Gutzom Borglun died in 1941, just a few months______finishing his college education. lack in short of not enough for insufficient in

The teacher______his fingers on the desk impatiently while waiting for the student’s answer. sprayed nodded rocked tapped

As a result the composers ended up taking home tapes of real performances rather than desperately struggling to______the notes. get at get over get on get through

Why don’t you______insurance on your possessions? take out take off take for take up

As the proverb says: He that shuts love out, as a result, shall be shut out from love. in order in return in rotation in turn

A man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways: as a member of some familial, professional or religious group, or as a member of a crowd. intimate very familiar relating to the family private

The boss took it for granted that his secretary should keep him well-informed. assumed that it was true without doubt believed that it was true without making sure agreed that it was necessary thought that it was beneficial

The joke killed the audience. made the audience laugh to death made the audience unimaginative made the audience very painful made the audience very nervous

It is postulated that population trends have an effect on economic fluctuations. challenged assumed deducted decreed

The library she worked in lent books, magazines, audio-cassettes and maps to its customers. borrowers lenders patrons clients

Earth observations should provide “ value added “ applications from existing environmental services, property title holders and process driven financial firms, while creating greater liquidity within the corporations that use them. as to for with

The complete range from sizes and shapes of the human population can be examined to determine reach, access and viewing capabilities. into within of upon

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Through receiving financial support from family, community or the government, is allowed, it is never admired. As Once Although Lest

He meant telling us about it, but he forgot to tell us. to be telling telling to have told having told

The word “constitute“ underlined in Paragraph 1 means______.

According to the passage, the early books of etiquette, fables, and legends could not really be considered children’s literature because______.

According to the passage, what changed children’s publishing in 1774?

The word “ sturdy“ underlined in Paragraph 1 means______.

What does the author mean by the statement “children’s literature began to bloom“ underlined in Paragraph 2?

The word “it“ underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to______.

According to the passage, “Alice in Wonderland“ was an example of______.

Who wrote “Little Women“?

The word “characterized“ underlined in Paragraph 2 means______.

What impact did color printing have on children’s books?