Motivation is “ the driving force within individuals that impels them to action. “ And goals are the sought-after results【C1】______motivated behavior.
Motivation can be either positive or negative【C2】______direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, 【C3】______a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away【C4】______an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives【C5】______needs, wants or desires, 【C6】______negative drives as fears or aversions. 【C7】______, though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically【C8】______terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in 【C9】______they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior.【C10】______this reason, researchers often refer【C11】______both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires.
Goals, 【C12】______, can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward【C13】______behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is【C14】______from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to【C15】______types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain 【C16】______attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and【C17】______she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin 【C18】______aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams. 【C19】______the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal — attractiveness; in the【C20】______ case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal — wrinkled skin.
