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试卷名称:托福（综合）模拟试卷16

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1 While single women had a long history of working outside the home, married women in the United States did not work outside the home in great numbers until the twentieth century. Between 1900 and 1930 there was a steady rise in the employment of married women. Then, during the Great Depression of the 1930s, many women sought work as their husbands were laid off or forced to take wage cuts. However, women faced barriers to employment. Federal laws discouraged the hiring of married women and required that they be the first to be laid off. Twenty-six states passed laws prohibiting the employment of married women altogether. Despite such discrimination, the proportion of married women who worked for pay increased to more than 15 percent. Instead of taking men’s jobs in industry, as opponents feared, women worked primarily as domestics, typists, and clerks. 2 Many women chose not to enter the labor force because of gender stereotypes in pay and promotion. The long-standing difference in male and female earnings increased from 20 percent in 1900 to 55 percent in 1940. This was mostly due to business policies that tried to bind male employees to the company through pay raises and promotions but excluded women from advancement, however productive they may have been. Consequently, few women earned enough to give them any options other than marriage. Moreover, most women who did have jobs still depended on men for “extras“ such as leisure and entertainment.

According to the passage, the number of working married women in the United States

A．has risen throughout history.

B．increased after 1900.

C．did not change during the 1930s.

D．rose by 55 percent in 1940.

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Why does the author mention domestics, typists, and clerks in paragraph 1 ?

A．To distinguish “women’s“ and “men’s“ jobs

B．To identify jobs that women took from men

C．To explain why women should not work

D．To give examples of well-paying jobs

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The phrase due to in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

A．equal to

B．in spite of

C．caused by

D．different from

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According to the passage, women faced all of the following problems EXCEPT

A．discriminatory laws

B．lower pay than men

C．unsafe working conditions

D．lack of advancement

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