1 The three energy-yielding food nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The amount of energy a food provides depends on how much of each nutrient it contains. When broken down in the body, a gram of carbohydrate and a gram of protein each yield about four kilocalories of energy. A gram of fat yields nine kilocalories; therefore, fat has a greater energy density than either protein or carbohydrates. Foods with a high energy density provide more kilocalories per gram than foods with a low energy density. 2 Different meals may deliver the same number of kilocalories but varying amounts of food energy. For example, a 450-gram breakfast of cereal, milk, fruit, egg, turkey sausage, toast, and jam and a 150-gram breakfast of doughnuts both deliver 500 kilocalories. However, the first breakfast, which is higher in protein, has a lower energy density than the doughnuts and supplies three times as much food energy. 3 During a meal, as food enters the digestive tract, hunger decreases and the body reaches satiation, the signal to stop eating. The nutrient composition of a meal affects the level of satiation the meal provides. Foods low in energy density are more satiating than foods high in energy density. Of the three energy-yielding nutrients, protein is the most satiating and fat is the least satiating. High-fat foods are flavorful, which encourages people to eat more, but they are also energy-dense and deliver more kilocalories per bite. Therefore, eating meals high in fat may lead to overconsumption.

What does the professor mean by this statement:Questions 1 through 4. Listen to part of a discussion in an oceanography class. W1: We know a fair amount about the circulation of water in the shallow ocean, but much less about the deep ocean. The deep ocean is vast—about 90 percent of the total volume of the ocean—and we know very little about it. We do know there’s a close relationship between the ocean and the atmosphere. A lot happens at the surface of the ocean, where water meets air, including some of the forces that drive ocean currents, such as ... what? What’s one thing that happens at the surface? W2: The wind blows at the surface. The wind has a big effect. W1: Yes, that’s right, it does. The wind has a major impact on surface water currents. In fact, water circulation at the surface is driven mainly by the wind. But what about the water in the middle and lower layers of the ocean? What drives the circulation of deep water? M: Well, we know there are deep currents in the lower layers and near the bottom. Our book says that water movement in the deep ocean is slow, compared to how it is at the surface. That’s because the deep water is so much colder and so much heavier than the water at the surface. W1: That’s right. This colder, heavier water moves much more slowly. The movement of the deep water is driven by gravity and caused primarily by changes in the density of seawater. W2: So, it’s gravity that drives the water circulation in the deep ocean. W1: That’s right. OK. Another thing we know is, what happens at the surface has an impact on what happens in the deep ocean. For example, one change at the surface is an increase in the water’s salinity—or saltiness—which can happen when the water evaporates or sea ice forms. And what happens when water gets saltier? M: It gets heavier and denser. If it gets dense enough, it will sink downward until it reaches a level of equal density, or until it reaches the sea bottom. W1: Yes, that’s right. The deeper you go, the denser it gets. The deepest water has the greatest density. And all of these properties—temperature, density, salinity—all play a crucial role in the ocean’s flow. 1. What does the professor mean by this statement: “We know a fair amount about the circulation of water in the shallow ocean, but much less about the deep ocean.“ 2. According to the discussion, what factors influence the movement of water in the ocean? 3. How is the ocean’s deep water different from the water at the surface? 4. Why does the professor say this: “The deeper you go, the denser it gets.“ The shallow ocean is more interesting than the deep ocean. It is fair to say that water in the deep ocean does not circulate. There is more water in the ocean’s shallow areas than in its deep areas. Scientists know relatively little about deep-water circulation.

A tree’s Aheight will be Bstunted by the wind if it grows Chigh than the Dprotective snow pack.

AThe corporation is the Bformalest business arrangement, and the Csole proprietorship is the Dleast complex.

The Alongest river in the world, the Nile nourished Bmost successful of the great Cancient civilizations and now Dsupports agriculture in Egypt and Sudan.

Warm water is______cold water. as less dense less dense to of less density less dense than

Apartments are______to be built in cities than in suburban or rural areas. more likely as likely the most likely likely

The folk paintings of Grandma Moses were ______the works of the trained artists of her time. more popular as popular as almost popular the most popular

The more light energy an object absorbs, ______the object becomes. as warm as warmer than the warmer the warmest

Dinah Washington’s style of blues was______ complex than that of Chicago blues singers. the most much much more as much

Our perception that social support is available is related to our attachment to other people. The more secure the attachment, the greater the sense of social support. Adults with adequate support have a lower risk of disease and depression than do those with weaker social networks. This is especially clear when an individual is under high stress. The negative effect of stress is smaller for individuals with adequate social support than for those whose social support is weak. For example, one study showed that the link between severe life changes and depression in women was significantly weaker when the woman had a close, intimate relationship with a husband or friend. The women who had no close relationship were four times as likely to become depressed after a major change as were those who had a close confidant.

Australia is Athe flattest and Bdry of the continents, as Cwell as the oldest and Dmost isolated.

The crocodile is Aslightly smaller and Bleast bulky than the alligator, and it has a Clarger but Dnarrower snout.

AThe Byzantine Empire was almost as Blarge and just as powerful Cthan the Roman Empire had Dbeen.

When an object is Aheated the molecules move Bfaster, and the faster Cthey move, the Dhottest the object becomes.

The barn owl is twice______the pygmy owl. taller than as tall as the tallest as it is tall

Many people think the collie is as beautiful that the bulldog is ugly as ugly as the bulldog more than the ugly bulldog as the bulldog is ugly

There is Amuch cross-cultural misunderstanding about Bfacial expressions, and Cthis is likely to be Dmore greater for subtle expressions.

The cat’s eyes, perhaps the animal’s Amost distinctive feature, can function just as Bwell in darkness Cas if they can in Dbright daylight.

The Apolitical revolutions of the eighteenth century had an Bimmense impact on architecture, while the Ceffect of the Industrial Revolution was Dlesser direct.

Teacups have changed______in design over the years than have teapots. less lesser little a little

It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that foods high in protein are

Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 2?

What is the relationship between food nutrients and satiation?

The passage supports which of the following statements about food nutrition?