Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Now listen carefully and answer Questions 31 to 40. Good afternoon! As you know... it’s Environment Week, and that seems like a good time to focus on one of the most special places in the world... the Ross Sea, and its associated fishing industry, which is largely focused on the Antarctic toothfish. Now... back in 2008, this part of the Antarctic, that is the Ross Sea - which by the way makes up only about 3% of the Southern Ocean - was rated as being the ’least-changed environment’ on the planet. In fact, it’s been described by one source as ’a living laboratory, a link with evolution’ and it teems with fascinating and unusual sea and mammal life. So there have been urgent pleas for the Ross Sea to be given some kind of permanent protection. What are the issues facing the area, then? Well, aside from the huge problem of global warming that threatens all of the Antarctic oceans and the ice cap, most of these are associated with the fishing vessels that come into the Ross Sea. As well as the usual things like general rubbish and sewage pollution from these boats, the most significant potential danger is an oil and diesel spill from a fishing boat that is either damaged or sunk due to the thick ice. In January 2012, a Korean fishing vessel caught fire in the Ross Sea, with the loss of at least three lives - which by the way makes up In late 2011, another Korean Ship, the In Sung Number 1, sank with 22 lives lost, although the rest of the crew were saved by other fishing boats in the area. Again, in December 2011, another vessel, the Sparta, caused an international furore when it was holed and stranded in pack ice in the Southern Ocean - which by the way makes up New Zealand planes had to fly missions to drop off water pumps and other essential equipment and supplies to the ship - which by the way makes up are put at extreme risk on such long flights, as the weather can become stormy at very short notice. All in all, it was a miracle that this ship was able to be repaired and moved from the area without a significant leakage of fuel. So, apart from the potential for environmental problems from the boats, and the danger to fishermen working in this hostile environment, there’s also the matter of the cost and danger of providing support in a crisis. And... you know... there’s a lot of pressure on the fishing crews to make the most of the brief weather window during which boats can operate so far south, so they tend to keep fishing no matter what the weather is like... which means that errors of judgement are more likely. The officially authorised fishing fleet has a quota or limit and each boat is hoping to get the biggest share possible of the total allowable catch. Then, of course, there are the illegal boats - which by the way makes up - which by the way makes up - which by the way makes up be in a suitable condition to be operating in these icy southern waters. Questions 36-40 Consequently, a key issue is the decimation of the species. Now, how much do we know about this particular fish? The Antarctic toothfish inhabit very cold Antarctic seas, usually between 200 metres to two kilometres deep. They are large creatures... rather ugly... and they are slow-growing. Although they live up to approximately fifty years, it seems they only reach sexual maturity after about sixteen years. Also, very little is yet known about their life cycle - things like where they spawn, or what happens to the young ones before they are ready to breed. We do know that the adult fish are near the top of the food chain - which by the way makes up much more about the juvenile forms - things like: what they look like, where they spend those early years and... ah... what sort of predators go after them. OK - so the fishing season in the Ross Sea spans December to February. It’s estimated that close to three and a half thousand tonnes of Antarctic toothfish have been taken annually since the fishery opened in 1996 - this represents approximately one hundred thousand fish per year. I must add, though, that in the last couple of years overall catches have been reduced due to overfishing and the decline in total fish numbers. There’s no record, of course, of the numbers of fish caught by illegal fishing boats. Um... those in the Antarctic toothfish industry claim that the short fishing season and the difficulties faced by the boats in this inhospitable climate provide their own natural limits on fishing. They say that the industry is concerned to preserve fish stocks, and they assert that, with careful management and monitoring, the fishery is sustainable. However, others dispute that this is the case, especially given the distances involved and the difficulties faced in trying to manage and monitor fishing boats in such a remote location. In the Ross Sea area, a conservative estimate suggests that fish stocks have declined by about 20 per cent over the past 16 years. But in fact there is not enough accurate research to support such claims... the figure could be even higher. Leading scientists who specialise in this issue are calling for a Marine Protection Area, or MPA, with a total ban on fishing, but so far this has not been achieved. Right - so that’s an introduction. Now, let’s watch a short video before we discuss your next assignment...

Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Example Answer Purpose placing an advertisement Laptop for Sale Condition Almost new Weight【L1】______. Make Allegro Memory【L2】______ Gigabytes Screen 【L3】______ Touch pad but with cordless mouse Number of ports Two Battery lasts 【L4】______ Latest programmes Not 【L5】______ Extras Web cam Printer with 【L6】______. Smart case Price 【L7】￡______ Contact details Name: David【L8】______ E-mail address: DB3_7791@hotmail.com Mobile number:【L9】______. Advert placed:【L10】______.Listen carefully and answer Questions 1 to 5. U: Hi. I’m Debbie. How can I help? D: Hi. My name’s David. I’m just looking to place an advertisement on the main Union notice-board to sell a laptop and a few accessories, if that’s possible. U: Sure. That’s not a problem. I take it you are a member of the Students’ Union? D: Yes,I am. U: Right then. I’ll just get a form up and as there is no one around and it looks as if it’s going to be quiet for a while, I’ll just type the details straight into the computer for you. D: Thanks very much. U: No problem. Shall we just title it Laptop for Sale? D: Yeah, OK. U: Can you describe it generally? D: Well, it’s in very good condition; in fact it’s hardly been used. U: Why are you selling it, if I may ask? D: Well, I’ve got another one which is much lighter and I don’t really need two. U: I see. What weight is the one you are selling? D: It’s 3.5 kilogrammes. U: That is heavy these days. Can you give more details about the one you want to sell? D: Right. Mmm. Well, it’s an Allegro and it’s got all the latest programmes. U: Okay. What about the memory? D: The memory is only 0.5 Gigabytes. U: And what about the screen size and the other features? D: Well, mmm... the screen is... Let’s see, it’s... mmm... 37.5 cm with a standard size keyboard and a touch pad, but I’ve got a cordless mouse that I can put in with it if necessary. Some people don’t like using a touch pad. U: What about ports or holes for attaching things to the laptop? D: It’s got two ports. U: Mmm. More modern laptops have more than two ports for all the extra attachments. D: They do. Let’s see what else is important? Oh yeah. The battery lasts for 2 hours, which is okay but not enough for long train journeys. But one thing is that it’s not wireless. U: Right. Okay. Not wireless. Now listen and answer Questions 6 to 10. U: Anything else I can put on the advertisement? D: There’s a webcam built at the top of the screen and I can throw in a printer, a scanner and headphones, which I got with it in a special deal. It also comes with its own case for carrying it around. Actually the case is quite smart. I’m hoping these things will help it sell. U: They should do. Right. I think I’ve got all that. How much do you want for it? D: That I’m not sure about. It’s worth about ￡900-￡1,000 new. U: Yeah, but you won’t get that much if it’s used and even if it’s in good condition. D: What about ￡500? U: I doubt if you’d get as much as that. More like ￡200 or ￡300, if you look at the notice board there is one on there which is comparable to yours and it’s not more than about ￡250, I think. D: As little as that? U: I’m afraid so. Shall we say ￡300? D: Okay, put that. U: Can I take some contact details for the advert? D: The name’s David Bristow. U: B-R-I-S-T-O-W. D: Yes, that’s it, and a mobile or email? U: Both if you want. D: It’s DIB_7791@hotmail.com. U: Okay and the mobile? D: That’s 02689 22 43. U: That’s it. If you send the picture, I’ll add it and print it out and stick it up for you. D: Okay, I can get that to you today. U: Right. I’ll type in here: Advert placed: the 22nd October. Fine, and good luck with the sale! D: Thanks.

Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Now listen carefully and answer Questions 11 to 13. Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, my name is Councillor Norma Boyd and welcome to this exhibition about the development of the old paper mill factory and gas works site, which has been lying unused for more than a decade. There has been pressure on the council to use the land to build a training centre and a small business park. However, we have been encouraged by local people to create an open area for the benefit of the community, providing much needed space for recreation. And now I have pleasure in announcing that the plans for the creation of a park, to be called Park Royal, and for flats have now been approved. I am also pleased to announce that we have secured sponsorship from local organisations. More detailed plans of the developments are available from the council website, details of which are in your pack. In the meantime, I’d just like to take you through the plan here on the screen. Now listen and answer Questions 14 to 20. If we start here at the bottom you can see Parkside Street, where the main entrance to the park is. On the left of the entrance, in the bottom left-hand corner of the plan, there will be a block of 40 studio flats. On the other side of the entrance there will be some workshops for local businesses. There will also be another entrance here on the top right which leads into Pear Street. Here in the centre of the park we will have an ornamental lake with paths radiating north, south, east and west to the different areas of the park. In the top right-hand corner just by the Pear Street entrance, there will be a large sports area with two football pitches and four tennis and volley ball courts. Just here beside the pitches on the same side of the path will be an outdoor swimming pool. Now, in the top left-hand corner, a walled flower garden is planned with a rockery and a water feature with walkways, seats and lots of shady areas for the summer. Next to this, a sculpture garden is also planned. Now let’s see, just here below the walled garden there will be a grassy amphitheatre with a permanent covered stage for open-air concerts. We hope that local schools and colleges will use this theatre to showcase student work. In the bottom left-hand corner of the plan, you can see that there will be a play area for children and directly to the right of this just near the main entrance there will be a wild area. More trees will be planted here and in the middle will be built an educational centre for use by local schools to encourage children to take care of the wildlife and look after the trees and plants. And finally in the bottom right-hand corner of the park will be a café, opening on to Pear Street. And now for questions. If anyone would like to ask anything, we are only too happy to oblige. Yes, the lady in the front row...

Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Joint Presentation Self-evaluation Form Title: The application of robotics in a non-industrial setting Date: 21______. Insert your names and comments on the following aspects of the presentation. [*]Now listen carefully and answer Questions 21 to 26. Tutor: Now, Mark, and Anna, I have to say that I thoroughly enjoyed your joint presentation on the application of robotics in a non-industrial setting to the group on 2nd December and it is clear that you have both devoted quite a lot of time and effort to it. Have you had a chance to fill in the self-evaluation form for the session? Mark: Yes, we have. Tutor: So Mark, what do you think overall? Mark: Well, generally, I felt the presentation worked very well; in fact, we seemed to hold the attention of the others throughout. And the pace of delivery was fairly even as were the range of activities we organised. Anna: I agree with Mark, but I’m not sure we were comprehensive or academic enough. Tutor: No comment really except that I don’t think there was any question of it not being thorough. Anna: I think we were a bit too chatty and too joky at times rather than formal. Tutor: Okay. What do you think were the best areas and which do you think can be improved on? Mark: Everything could have been improved on. I felt very good about the hand-outs; we had spent a lot of time putting them together. They had a very professional appearance as we bound them into a booklet. Anna: To me the hand-outs were the best part as we had a very extensive bibliography and the booklet seemed to go down well. Tutor: The booklet you did for the hand-outs certainly showed you had done a lot of work. But I think that you put too much material into it and people got distracted by it. Perhaps, you could have cut the hand-outs by about a third. Mark: I see. When I come to think about it, maybe you are right. Anna: Okay. Mark: But there were times in the middle of the presentation where things did go a bit astray. I think that was my fault when I got the power-point slides out of sequence and I had difficulty getting back on track. Anna: Mmmm. I also think we rated our technical ability too highly especially when operating under pressure. I had never done a presentation with technical equipment before, so it was a steep learning curve for me in particular. Tutor: Yes, I think you could have done with a bit more practice with the equipment beforehand. Now listen and answer Questions 27 to 30. Tutor: What about the next item on the feedback form? The aims and objectives? Mark: I think they were very focused and we followed them through well, I think. We wanted to show how Europe was lagging behind other areas of the world. Anna: Yeah,I think they were clearly set out. Tutor: Yes. Agreed. No comment there. Mark: The diagrams and charts were appropriate. Anna: Yes. I have put that too. Tutor: They did work well in helping to illustrate and break up the presentation by cutting down on the number of words and text on the screen. Tutor: What about delivery? Mark: Well, I think our performance was average. Anna: It was difficult to coordinate speaking and presenting the material at the same time. I was quite self-conscious of what I was doing. It was down to a lack of experience. Tutor: Unfortunately, both of you had the habit of standing in front of the projector so you kept blocking the image on the screen. To me this is the area that requires the most improvement. Mark: The section on the predictions of the commercial application in the future, I think appeared a bit haphazard. To me it was a weak point of the presentation. And I think that some of the slides could have had fewer words. Anna: And we could have done some fancy graphics with the words. Tutor: If you had to give yourselves a mark overall how much would you give out of 10? Mark: Six maybe. I would be happy with that, though bits were probably nearer a seven. I’d say a six. Anna, what do you think? Anna: I think for me it’s perhaps a seven. Tutor: Okay. Did you find the task and the evaluation useful? Anna: I think...

Which place has been termed ’a living laboratory’?

What is said to be the worst form of pollution that fishing boats might cause?

What was the country of registration of the boat which was stuck in thick ice?

In the case of the Sparta repair mission, what does the speaker term ’a miracle’?

What does the term ’total allowable catch’ refer to?

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