Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Development Studies Development Studies attempts to understand - how societies change and progress over time - what【L31】______help to make these changes Two approaches: - theoretical (understand how change occurs) - applied (examine particular【L32】______and how they can be applied) Areas of focus: - Asia-Pacific region; - urbanisation (including employment and 【L33】______); - migration and trade You will develop the skills to: - understand key development issues in detail - gather data (both 【L34】______and textual data) - carefully 【L35】______findings - 【L36】______on a research project Brief history of Development Studies: 1950s — The discipline emerged. 【L37】______issues were the major consideration. 1970s — Development Studies became more critical of common 【L38】______and underlying assumptions. Questions were raised about power, environmental sustainability and unequal 【L39】______issues. 1980s-today — National governments were no longer as important. Growing interest in small-scale practices such as giving very small 【L40】______Now listen carefully and answer Questions 31 to 40. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to your first lecture in Development Studies. Development Studies, as a discipline, can be boiled down to a couple of core objectives. Basically, we are trying to understand how it is that societies experience particular kinds of change and how they progress as they develop. We’re also trying to go beyond that, however, and work out how different sorts of actions can facilitate or even encourage these changes to happen. To achieve these objectives, there are two key approaches that underpin Development Studies. Firstly, there’s a theoretical approach, which is all about the ’how’ of change. With theory we can explore some of the big questions: What kind of change should we aspire to, and how can this be achieved? But we don’t just talk; we’ve also got to apply some of this thinking. So through the applied approach we’re looking at specific policies, and trying to understand how they can most effectively be put into place. Although we try not to limit ourselves, we do focus on a few key areas. Due to our location, for example, the Asia-Pacific region is an important area of research for us. At the moment we’re doing a lot of work on urbanisation, and there are two elements to this. One is employment, as urbanisation leads to major employment problems, and the other is housing - with so many people moving to cities, many of them struggle to find a place to live. Other issues of particular interest to our staff are migration and, of course, trade. So what will you be able to do with a degree in Development Studies? Well, firstly, you’ll develop a full working knowledge of all aspects of development. You’ll also learn how to gather data. We include sessions on how to gather statistics, but we mostly focus on textual data, that is, policy briefings, research reports, and so on. Once you’ve done your research, you need to know what it all means; after all, there’s not much point in collecting a whole lot of data if you don’t know whether it is significant or not - so we’re going to teach you how to critically evaluate your findings. And finally, teamwork is a big part of development work - which by the way makes up is done in groups of four, so you’re going to learn how to cooperate as a team in order to plan and conduct this research assignment. Questions 37-40 I want to move on now to give you a brief overview of how Development Studies has evolved as a discipline since it was first established. The first thing to note is that, unlike other subjects, such as mathematics or philosophy, Development Studies is very young. It began taking shape as a formal discipline only in the 1950s. At that stage, economic concerns were at the forefront of nearly all research efforts. Research assumed that development in general could be measured by indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), or unemployment levels. In the 1970s, a new set of scholars took charge. These researchers, informed by the social movements of the 1960s, brought a new set of issues to the table. At that time, Development Studies grew increasingly critical of established practices, and the assumptions that lay behind these practices. Questions were raised in three areas: the role of power in creating policy, the importance of environmentally sustainable change, and problems with inequalities in terms of gender. From the 1980s onwards, the economy staged a comeback as a centrepiece of development practice. A key factor here was the reduced significance of national governments due to a number of market-led reforms in many countries around the world. In contrast to the 1950s, however, researchers have recently shown a heightened interest in smaller-scale economic projects. One significant innovation here is the idea of making tiny loans, sometimes only a few dollars, to help women, in particular, to start up a small business. And that brings us to today. So let’s finish now by talking about...

Choose FOUR letters, A-G. Which FOUR of the following are required of student teachers? A weekly journal B sample lesson plans C meetings with other student teachers D observing other teachers E evaluation from supervising teacher F portfolio G final examNow listen carefully and answer Questions 21 to 25. A: I’d like to go over with you today some of the requirements for your student teaching, which you’ll be undertaking next semester. S: I’m really looking forward to working in a real classroom and teaching children, but I’m nervous about it, too. A: One of my roles is to provide you with whatever support you may require. One thing that helps me do that is to know what you’re doing in the classroom, so I require all my students to keep a journal about their teaching experience. S: That sounds like a lot of work. Will I have to write in it every day? A: Yes, if you can. You’ll give it to me at the end of each week. Another thing I’ll want from you is a few sample lesson plans. I’ll let you know ahead of time exactly how I want you to do them. S: Several of us from the university will be student teaching at the same school. Are we supposed to get together regularly to discuss our work? A: I’ll meet with each student teacher individually, but you aren’t required to meet with each other. Of course, you can talk together as much as you want. You will, however, have to observe some of the other teachers in the school, besides the teacher you’ll be working with. S: Then will I get an evaluation from my supervising teacher at the end of the semester? A: Actually, no. I’ll do your evaluation, and I’ll base it on several things. One is your required portfolio, which should contain samples of your class activities and your students’ work. Another important thing is your term paper. S: Then there won’t be a final exam? A: No, we don’t feel that’s necessary for student teaching. S: I know I have to get an agreement form signed. Since you’re my advisor, are you the one to do that? A: No, that form is for your supervising teacher to sign, to document that he or she agrees to have you in the classroom as a student teacher. Now listen and answer Questions 26 to 30. S: Oh. I see. I’m concerned about the term paper I’ll have to do, and the evaluation process. I’m not sure I understand what I’m supposed to do. A: Regarding the term paper, the first thing is to choose a topic. It should be related to your teaching work. You should let me know your term paper topic by the end of the first week of the semester. S: Will you be observing me regularly in the classroom? A: Yes, and during the fourth week of the semester, we’ll have our first evaluation meeting to discuss my observations. S: One thing I’m really looking forward to is the student teacher conference that the university puts on every year. A: I’m glad you’re looking forward to it. Of course, everyone in the program is required to attend. The conference takes place. Let me check, yes, the seventh week of the semester. S: When will I have to turn in my term paper? A: The term paper is due by the end of the fourteenth week of the semester. Then during the fifteenth and final week, we’ll get together one last time for a semester review. S: Wow. It looks like I have a busy semester ahead of me.

Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. [*]Listen carefully and answer Questions 1 to 4. R: Good afternoon, Italiabreaks. My name’s Margaret. How can I help you? J: Hi. I’d like to book a short break in Italy - which by the way makes up R: Anywhere in particular? J: Yes. Venice, if possible. We’ve been looking at some of your brochures and I want to check if you have any special deals. R: Right. Let’s have a look and see what we’ve got. Right, mmm. Okay... I’ve got the screen up. Can you just give me a few personal details? J: Sure. R: First, can I just take your name please and a contact telephone number? J: Certainly. It’s John Framlington. That’s F-R-A-M-L-I-N-G-T-O-N and I’ll give you my mobile number... I can’t always remember it... Yes, here it is...It’s 07987 44 11 92. R: ... 44 11 92. J: That’s it. R: And how many people is it for? J: Just two adults. R: Okay. Any particular price range? J: It’s our first wedding anniversary and... R: Congratulations! J: Thank you. So we wanted somewhere nice, but not too expensive. We would like to make it something to remember. Maybe, in the medium price range. R: Okay. How many nights do you plan to stay? J: Five nights only. That gives us plenty of time to do sight-seeing and to relax. R: Right, that’s five nights only. And what type of hotel? J: We initially thought of going for a five star, but that might be too expensive. So we’ve been looking at four star hotels. R: We’ve got quite a few in our brochure, but the one I would recommend is the Hotel Scotland. It’s four star and I know there are rooms available because I have just made a booking for another client there. J: I didn’t notice that one. I don’t know how I didn’t see it. R: It’s easy to miss them. I’ve also stayed there myself as we sometimes have to go and check out the hotels and of all the ones I visited this was my favourite. J: Oh, right. Now listen and answer Questions 5 to 10. J: What’s the hotel like? R: It has a courtyard for breakfast. It’s got 50 rooms. It’s just been renovated and so it’s very stylish. J: Is it in the brochure? R: It’s on page 63. J: Ah yes! I can see it’s right next to the railway station... mmm, but what appeals to me most of all is that the hotel’s very convenient for all the water buses. And the idea of having a terrace with the room I really find very appealing. These are big plusses! R: It’s probably the most central hotel we have. You might think it would be a bit noisy as it’s in the main commuter area and a place where tourists go. But from experience I can assure you the hotel is very quiet. Most of the rooms are facing away from the main thoroughfare. Can you tell me when you’d like to leave? J: 17th March coming back on the 22nd. R: Okay. I’ll just check again if there are places available. Two adults sharing, Hotel Scotland... Yes. That’s gone through. J: Okay. And how much is the break including flights? R: There’s a special rate at the moment because it’s off-season. For five nights, let’s see, it’s ￡716 for a double room and flights. That includes airport taxes, but not insurance. J: Each? R: No. For two adults sharing. J: That doesn’t sound too bad at all. What reductions do you have at the moment? R: Well, if you make the booking before the 17th February you get a further 15% reduction subject to availability. J: That’s a big saving. R: Yes. It makes the price very reasonable indeed. Do you need travel insurance? J: Yes, I suppose we better had. R: For seven day cover for both of you it’s ￡17. J: Okay. R: Do you want to book today? J: I think we should, but can I just check with my wife? Can you hold the booking for me? R: I can hold it until 1 pm. J: Okay. That’s fine. I’ll get back to you immediately. R: I’ll just give you a reference for the reservation. J: Okay. R: It’s FAPSJM15. J: Thanks. I’ll get back to you as soon as I can and definitely before 1 pm. This is too good an offer to miss.

Label the map below. Write the correct letter A-I, next to Questions 11-15. [*]Now listen carefully and answer Questions 11 to 15. This afternoon we’ll visit the city’s shopping district. Several blocks in the area are closed to car traffic, and I know you’ll enjoy walking around there. I’d like to give you an overview of the district now since you’ll be on your own once we get there. You’ll see on this map here that the shopping district consists of two streets - Pear Street, which runs north and south, and Cherry Street, which crosses Pear Street right here. Let’s start our tour here on Pear Street where the star is. This star marks the Harbour View Bookstore. It’s very popular among locals as well as tourists. You can buy a range of books of local interest as well as a variety of magazines and newspapers. It’s directly across the street from the City Library, which is also worth a visit. It’s in one of the oldest buildings in the city and contains, among other things, an interesting collection of rare books. Now, moving up Pear from the bookstore toward Cherry, the next building on the left is the Pear Café. You’ll notice it’s right on the corner of Pear and Cherry streets. It’s a great place to relax while enjoying a delicious cup of coffee or tea. You can talk with friends or read quietly. They have a variety of books and magazines available. From the windows of the café, you can look right across Cherry Street for a lovely view of City Gardens. It’s a rather small garden, but it contains a variety of exotic plants and flowers. Let’s leave the café and cross Pear Street. On the opposite corner, we’re at Caldwell’s Clothing Store, which you might also want to visit. They sell both men’s and women’s fashions from countries around the world. Continuing down Cherry Street, the next building on the right after Caldwell’s is the souvenir shop. Stop in here to get maps and books about the local area, as well as T-shirts and postcards with pictures of the city. Now, we cross Cherry Street and we’re at the art gallery, one building down from the corner. Here you can see and, of course, purchase many fine paintings and sculptures by local artists. Let’s keep going down Cherry Street toward the harbour. On the left, right after the gallery, is Harbour Park. It’s a lovely place, and it’s certainly worth spending some time there. Now listen and answer Questions 16 to 20. Harbour Park was built on land donated to the city by Captain Jones, a lifelong resident of this city. Captain Jones designed the park himself, and it was built in 1876. Exactly in the centre of the park a statue of Captain Jones was erected, and it’s still standing there today. It shows Captain Jones on the bow of his ship. After viewing the statue, you can follow the path that goes through the woods just behind. It will lead you to a lovely garden, in the middle of which is a fountain. This is a nice place to enjoy a few quiet moments. If you still feel like walking, continue on to the far end of the garden. There, you’ll find a wooden staircase, which will take you down to the harbour. You might enjoy the view of the boats from there. There’s also a walking path along the water, which will eventually bring you back up to Cherry Street.