It was not much fun to travel on one of the old sailing ships. Life was hard for both passengers and crew. 17th century sailing ships were small and rolled heavily in rough seas, so most of the passengers were seasick. There were no toilets, and the spaces below deck where passengers had to stay during gales were often not more than 5 foot high. Water was scarce and the little water they got was brown and smelt terrible. Food was a problem, too—there was only salted meat, ship’ s biscuits and cheese, but the cheese was so hard that sailors often made buttons out of it for their jackets and trousers. There were no vegetables or fruit, so the people on board often fell ill. The sailors, however, were a bit better off than the passengers. They each had a bottle of beer a day, and they needed. The work they had to do was hard and dangerous. Courage was needed, for the heavy sails had to be set and taken down in all kinds of weather, and quite often sailors were swept overboard in a gale. Almost the worst thing about the voyages was the time they took up to 70 days for the journey across the Atlantic. Not surprisingly, everybody was overjoyed when they at last approached land and stepped ashore. But some ships never arrived.

Some psychologists maintain that mental acts such as thinking are not performed in the brain alone, but that one’ s muscles also participate. It may be said that we think with our muscles in somewhat the same way that we listen to music with our bodies. You surely are not surprised to be told that you usually listen to music not only with your ears but with your whole body. Few people can listen to music without moving their body or, more specifically, some part of their body. Often when one listens to a symphonic concert on the radio, he is attracted to direct the orchestra even though he knows there is a good conductor on the job. Strange as this behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it. One cannot derive all possible enjoyment from music unless he participates, so to speak, in its performance. The listener “feels“ himself into the music with more or less noticeable motions of his body. The muscles of the body actually participate in the mental process of thinking in the same way, but this participation is less obvious because it is less noticeable.

Only residents here enjoy the______of using this parking lot. privilege possibility favor right

Stupid people often find it difficult to______their prejudices. give in give away give into give up

As we know, physics______the science of energy. was were is are

We substitute fish______meat several times a week. for to with and

When she does something, Mrs. Brown feels that her little child is always______. under way in the way on the way by the way

You may______this: I don’t want it back. get remain maintain keep

Coffee is a powerful drink. On a personal level, it helps keep us awake and active. On a much general level, it has helped shape our history and continues to shape our culture. Coffee plants grow wild in parts of Africa and were probably used by travelling tribes for thousands of years, but it wasn’ t until the 1400s that people figured out they could roast its seeds. By the 1500s, the drink had spread to coffeehouses across the Arab world. It is often said that after the Boston Tea Party of 1773, when American colonists attacked British tea ships and threw large boxes of tea into the harbor, Americans everywhere switched over to drinking coffee.

Doctor: Well, what can we do for you today? Patient: Oh, I’raan infection in my gum, Doctor. Doctor: In your gum? Patient: Up here. I’ve some tablets and, er, I don’t know. Doctor:【D8】______Aye, the Sofradex is not doing very much for that, is it? Patient: I’ ve never taken them. I’ ve just, I stop taking them. Doctor: Aye, I don’t think they’ re doing very much to you. Patient:【D9】______Doctor. Doctor: Aye. Patient: I’ m just wondering if it’ s my teeth or that it’ s just my blood that’ s doing it. Doctor: I think it might be the teeth. It’ d be worth getting the dentist to have a look at your plate. Patient:【D10】______ Doctor: Yes, yes. Keep on with those just now. Patient: Yes. Aye, two four, one or two four times a day. Doctor: Yes, one four times a day. Patient: Fine, yeah. A. It’ s been painting me all night, B. Let’ s have a look and see what they’ ve done to you. C. Do I take these Sofradex is they’re prescribed here, Doctor? D. What’ s wrong with me, Doctor?

John: Oh Anne, that was a wonderful dinner. That’ s the best meal I’ ve had in a long time. Anne: Oh, thank you! Thank you very much. John: Can I give you a hand with the dishes? Anne: Uh-uh, don’t bother.【D5】______Hey, would you like me to fix some coffee? John: Uh, thanks a lot. I’d love some. Uh, would you mind if I smoke? Anne: Why, not at all. Here, let me get you an ashtray. John: Aw, thanks very much...Oh, Anne,【D6】______ Anne: Actually, I’ ve only just learned how, you know. It’ s because I’ ve been taking these courses. John: Why, I can’ t cook at all, can’ t even boil an egg. Anne: No kidding.【D7】______you could take a couple of classes over at Sheridan College and learn how to do it too. John: Aw, thanks a lot. A. I didn’ t realize you were such a good cook. B. I’ll do them myself later. C. Well, you know, if you want to, D. Do you make it by yourself?

We all know that it is possible for ordinary people to make their homes on the equator, although often they may feel uncomfortably hot there. Millions do it. But as for the North Pole—we know that it is not only a dangerously cold place, but that people like you and I would find it quite impossible to live there. At the present time only the scientists and explorers can do so, and they use special equipment. Men have been travelling across and around the equator on wheels, on their feet or in ships for thousands of years: but only a few men, with great difficulty and in very recent time, have ever crossed the ice to the North Pole. So it may surprise you to learn that, when traveling by air, it is really safer to fly over the North Pole than over the equator. Of course, it is not true about landings in the polar region, but the weather, if we are flying at a height of 5 , 000 meters above the Pole is a delight. At 4, 000 meters and move above the earth you can always be sure that you will not see a cloud in the sky as far as your eyes can reach. In the tropics, on the other hand, you are not certain to keep clear of bad weather even at such heights as 18, 000 or 20, 000 meters. Aeroplanes can’ t climb as high or as quickly in cold air as in warm. Nor can clouds. In practice , this is an advantage to the aeroplane, which is already at a good height when it reaches the polar region and so does not to climb, while at the same time cold air keeps the clouds down low.

A lawyer friend of mine has devoted herself to the service of humanity. Her special area is called “public interest law“. Many other lawyers represent only clients who can pay high fees. All lawyers have had expensive and highly specialized training, and they work long, difficult hours for the money they earn. But what happens to people who need legal help and cannot afford to pay these lawyers’ fees? Public interest lawyers fill this need. Lisa, like other public interest lawyers, earns a salary much below what some lawyers can earn. Because she is willing to take less money, her clients need the help, even if they can pay nothing at all. Some clients need legal help because stores have cheated them with faulty merchandise. Others are in unsafe apartments, or are threatened with eviction and have no place to go to. Their cases are called “civil“ cases. Still others are accused of criminal acts, and seeking those public interest lawyers who handle “criminal“ cases. These are just a few of the many situations in which men and women who are public interest lawyers serve to extend justice throughout our society.

Mr. Holmes called at many schools______he lived to ask them to accept his son, but he was refused everywhere for being a black. that around where near which which

She is such a______person, always asking how I’ m feeling. considerable considering considered considerate

Where did you get your watch______? repair to repair repaired repairing

Wood does not conduct electricity, ______. nor rubber does nor does rubber also doesn’ t rubber so doesn’ t rubber

It is not______that this situation will last very long. alike the like like likely

I can hardly______the difference between these two words. point speak talk tell

She leaned______the wall while she was speaking to her friend. to against towards for

When the people saw the land, ______.

The working condition of the sailors was very hard. ______.

Which of the following statements is true about food?

The passengers______when the ship was heavily rolling.

In the 17th century______.