According to psychologists(心理学家), all emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. If the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. It can be created by a person’s thoughts. Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion. Psychologists think that there are two types of emotions; positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair, sadness and disgust. In growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy. Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try and means to escape from them. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion. Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination.

Last year the advertising rate______by 20 percent. raised aroused arose rose

The first, second, and third prizes went to Jack, Tom, and Harry______. equally differential similarly respectively

He had never given a speech to so many people, so he felt______. excited stupid disappointed nervous

It is impossible to ______ with a person whose methods are completely opposed to your own. cooperate correspond compete compare

The shop assistant______ me $25 for this suitcase. cost charged spent demanded

Please be sure to telephone me the next time you______. will come would come shall come come

If you don’t______ smoking you will never get better. prevent from give up forgive keep away

When I try to understand______ that prevents so many Americans from being so happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes. why it does what it does what it is why it is

The speech ______, a lively discussion started. to deliver be delivered delivering having been delivered

______ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated. It being It is There is There being

What he told us about the accident does not______. make any sense mean any point mean any importance take anything

Evidence came up______specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old. what that which whom

______me the money for my tuition then, I would be working on the farm now. Had my uncle not lent Shouldn’t my uncle lend Would my uncle lend If my uncle not lent

I would rather I______her three years ago. will not marry had not married have not married will not have married

We don’t have beds in the spacecraft, but we do have sleeping bags. During the day, when we are working, we leave the bags tied to the wall, out of the way. At bedtime we untie them and take them wherever we’ ve chosen to sleep. On most spacecraft flights everyone sleeps at the same time. No one has to stay awake to watch over the spacecraft; the craft’ s computers call us on the radio. On the spacecraft, sleep-time doesn’ t mean nighttime. During each ninety-minute orbit(轨道)the sun “ rises“ and shines through our windows for about fifty minutes, then it “ sets“ as the spacecraft takes us around the dark side of the Earth. To keep the sun out of our eyes, we wear black sleep masks. It is surprisingly easy to get comfortable and fall asleep in space. Every astronaut(宇航员)sleeps differently: some sleep upside down, some sideways, and some right side up. When it’ s time to sleep, I take my bag, my sleep mask and my tape player with earphones and float(漂浮)up to the flight deck(驾驶舱). Then I get into the bag, and float in a sitting position just above a seat, right next to a window. Before I pull the mask down over my eyes, I relax for a while, listening to music and watching the Earth go by under me.

To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “ persuasive salesmanship“ to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase. This concept does not imply that business is benevolent(慈善的)or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction— the firm and the customer—and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant part of the public brought about a prompt restoration(恢复)of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside new. King Customer ruled!

This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You are required to write a Notice according to the following instructions given in Chinese. Remember to do your writing on the Answer Sheet. The first sentence has been done for you. 说明：以办公室名义写一份有关会议室的使用须知。内容如下： 1．保持会议室整洁； 2．会后请带走您的文件和私人用品，关闭所有电器(请举例)，关闭会议室所有门窗； 3．其他注意事项(内容自加)； 4．表示感谢； 5．日期：2013年6月20日。 Notice The conference room is available to all, but we need your help to follow the rules listed below: ______

When he arrived, he found______the aged and the sick at home. nothing but none but none other no other than

The student was just about to______the question, when suddenly he found the answer. arrive at give up submit to work out

We are all for your proposal that the discussion______. be put off was put off should put off is to put off

We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something______.

Which of the following is NOT true?

The author’ s purpose of writing this passage is to______.

We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam if______.

As used in the last sentence, the word “drains“probably means______.