Teaching involves more than leadership. Some of the teacher’s time and effort is directed toward instruction, some toward evaluation. But it is the teacher as a group leader who creates an efficient organizational structure and good working environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. A group that is totally disorganized, unclear about its goals, or constantly fighting among its members will not be a good learning group. The leadership pattern includes helping to form and maintain a positive learning environment so that instruction and evaluation activities can take place. On the first day of class, the teacher faces a room filled with individuals. Perhaps a few closely united groups and friendships already exist. But there is no sense of group unity, no set of rules for conduct in the group, no feeling of belonging. If teachers are successful leaders, they will help students develop a system of relationships that encourages cooperation. Standards and rules must be established that maintain order, ensure justice, and protect individual rights, but do not contradict school policy. What happens when one student hurts another’s individual rights? Without clear guidelines mutually agreeable to students, teachers, and administration, the classroom can become chaotic. Students may break rules they did not know existed. If standards are set without input from the class, students may spend a great deal of creative energy in ruining the class environment finding ways to break rules. No matter how skillful the teacher is in uniting students and establishing a positive atmosphere, the task is never complete. Regular maintenance is necessary. Conflicts arise. The needs of individual members change. A new kind of learning task requires a new organizational structure. Sometimes outside pressures such as holidays, upcoming tests or athletic contests, or family troubles cause stress in the classroom. One task for the teacher is to restore a positive environment by helping students cope with conflict, change, and stress.

This article is written mainly for the purpose of______.

A．providing information for teaching

B．studying the teacher’s behavior in the classroom

C．comparing the teacher’s behaviors with students’

D．teaching and organizing a class

The teacher, to some extent, is a leader because______.

A．he is responsible for a well-organized class and a good learning environment

B．he deals with students in the same way as a leader deals with people

C．he should develop harmony among students

D．he has to maintain order and give instruction and evaluation

The teacher should do more than teach. It is his responsibility to______.

A．create an organizational structure and a positive learning structure

B．establish standards and rules students should follow

C．help students deal with conflict, change, and stress

D．all of the above

The following statements are true of the standards and rules to be established EXCEPT

A．the standards and rules should maintain order

B．the standards and rules should not violate school policy

C．the standards and rules are accepted only by the teachers and administration

D．the standards and rules should ensure justice and protect students’ individual rights

Which of the following is NOT true?

A．If the teacher well unites his students and creates a positive atmosphere, he then will complete his task.

B．If guidelines are not acceptable both to students and teachers, the classroom can be a mess.

C．Outside pressures may cause stress among students.

D．Students need the teacher just as sheep need a shepherd.

— Do you enjoy your present job?—______. I just do it for a living. Of course Not really Not likely Not a little

Tom is a very______student, nice and polite towards his teachers as well as his schoolmates. respective respectful respectable respecting

The business is risky. But______. we succeed we would be rich. will would should must

I like watching TV______to the cinema. more than going than going rather than to go more than to go

______I admit that there are problems, I don’t think that they cannot be solved. Unless Until As While

The tape recorder______out of order, the students did not know what to do. was being has been was being

We can assign the task to______is capable and trustworthy. whom who whoever whomever

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Scientists are uncovering the secrets of twin port cities lost under the waters of the Mediterranean Sea, a researcher said recently. Herakleion and Menouthis were rich and proud cities until something reduced them to rubble (碎石)and buried them in the mud beneath 30 feet of sea water, French underwater explorer Franck Goddio said at the American Geophysical Union conference. “This is a mystery that is ongoing,“ said Goddio, a founder of the European Institute of Marine Archeology (海洋考古学), a Paris-based underwater research organization backed by the wealthy Hilti Foundation of Liechtenstein (列支敦士登基金会). The destruction of the twin port cities has haunted Goddio ever since he happened upon the site about 15 miles from Alexandria while exploring sunken ships from Napoleon’s fleet. Goddio and his group of expert divers, marine archeologists and others, is using high powered vacuums, satellite navigation systems and sophisticated sonar (声纳) to excavate (挖掘) the sunken cities from underneath a carpet of silt about one meter (three feet) high. Walls of shops, remains of streets and gold artifacts have been found and recovered. Some experts believe that the port cities were destroyed by a series of massive earthquakes, much like the quakes scientists believe felled Troy (特洛伊城), Jericho and other ancient cities. The uniform direction of the collapsed columns and walls suggest an earthquake, Goddio said, but no fault lines have been found nearby. Other researchers believe a massive wave, caused by either an offshore earthquake or a distant underwater landslide, could explain the catastrophe. Still others think rising seas and a shift in the Nile River outlet doomed the cities. “The argument, as you can see, continues,“ Goddio said.

If I (leave)______a little earlier, I would have caught the train.

They are all opposed to (put)______the meeting off.

People (live)______comfortably in the towns hardly feel the pleasure of living in the country.

After a medical examination, the doctor gave me a (favor)______report on my health.

______(surprise), he has passed the national entrance examination for graduate student;.

We appreciate the good quality of your products, but unfortunately your price appears to be on the high side.

No one was______in the accident. injured wounded suffered spoiled

The tenant must be prepared to decorate the property in accordance______the terms of the agreement. of with as like

Let’s invite everybody in the English Department to the party,______? will you can you must we shall we

Reading is to the mind______food is to the body. what that whose which

Not until a monkey is several years old______to exhibit signs of independence from its mother. it does begin when it begins does it begin before it begins