大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷321

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic My View on Watching TV Series. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words following the outline given below: 1．一些人认为“追剧”可以丰富生活。 2．另一些人认为“追剧”纯属浪费时间。 3．你的看法。

In Dakar, mental patients attend regular art treatment classes to help treat mental disorders. The treatment can be a useful technique to make up traditional forms of mental treatment. Psychiatrists in the Senegalese capital’s main hospital see it as an essential part of the healing process. Art as mental treatment is still relatively new in Senegal. Dr. Tabara Sylla, the hospital’s chief psychiatrist, uses art treatment, medication and classical forms of mental treatment in her practice, treating everything from chronic depression to alcohol abuse and schizophrenia. At first the project started as a way to keep patients busy in the afternoon, rather than have them sitting around smoking. It soon became clear that art was creating a communication bridge between patient and doctor. More and more now, she says, art workshops have become essential treatment—so much that she cannot imagine this psychiatric unit without them. 1. According to the news item, which one is not included in the problems that doctors use art treatment to treat? 2. Why did doctors introduce art treatment in the first place? Alcohol abuse. Smoking. Depression. Schizophrenia.

American astronauts would not return to the moon as planed if US congress passes president Obama’ s proposed budget. Obama’s budget which aims to cut funding in certain areas while increasing money used to create jobs would cancel NASA’s Constellation Programme. The programme has sought to send astronauts back to the moon by 2020. NASA’s programme also intended to study the idea of establishing a moon colony. The programme was set to follow the US space agency’s shuttle missions which are due to end in September. On its website, the White House Budget Office says the programme to send astronauts to the moon is behind schedule, over budget and overall less important than other space investments. “Using a broad range of criteria, an independent review panel determined that even if fully funded NASA’ s programme to repeat many of the achievements of the Apollo era, 50 years later was the least attractive approach to space exploration as compared to potential alternatives.“ the site says. 3. Why would NASA’s Constellation Programme be cancelled? 4. What did NASA’ s Constellation Programme originally plan to do? There were important space missions. The space agency lacked funding for the program. The current shuttle missions would continue. Congress failed to pass President Obama’ s budget.

Zimbabwe’ s inflation rate has increased sharply in the past three months and is now at 11.2 million percent, the highest in the world, according to the country’s central statistical office. Official figures dated Monday show inflation has increased from the rate of 2.2 million percent recorded in May, despite the government’s price controls. The country’s finance minister believed the new figure in an interview but said the rising inflation rate was not confined in Zimbabwe alone. In February, the price of a loaf of bread in the country was less than 200, 000 in Zimbabwe dollars. On Monday, that same loaf of bread cost 1.6 trillion Zimbabwe dollars. Analysts have said that this Zimbabwean government official inflation rate figures are conservative. Last week, one of Zimbabwe’s leading banks, Kingdom Bank, said the country’s inflation rate was now more than 20 million percent. The locally-owned bank predicted tougher times ahead for Zimbabwe in the absence of donor support in falling investment in an economy that has been in free fall for almost a decade. 5. Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to control inflation? 6. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe? 7. What will Zimbabwe experience according to the locally-owned bank’ s predication? Foreign investment. Donor support. Price control. Bank prediction.

W: Dr. Carter’s Office. M: Yes, I’ d like to make an appointment to see Dr. Carter, please. W: Is this your first visit? M: Yes, it is. W: Okay. Could I have your name please? M: Yes. My name is Ronald Schuller. W: And may I ask who referred you to our office? M: Uh, I drove past your office yesterday. W: Okay. How about the day after tomorrow on Wednesday at 4:00 p.m.? M: Uh. Do you happen to have an opening in the morning? I usually pick up my kids from school around that time. W: Okay. Um... how about Tuesday at 8:00 a.m. or Thursday at 8:15 a.m.? M: Uh, do you have anything earlier, like 7:30? W: No. I’ m sorry. M: Well, in that case, Thursday would be fine. W: All right. And what’ s the nature of your visit? M: Well, to tell you the truth, I fell from a ladder two days ago while painting my house, and I sprained my ankle when my foot landed in a paint can. I suffered a few scratches on my hands and knees, but I’m most concerned that the swelling in my ankle hasn’t gone down yet. W: Well, did you put ice on it immediately after this happened? M: Well, yeah. I just filled the paint can with ice and ... W: And so after you removed the paint can ... Sir, sir, Mr. Sehuller, are you still there? M: Well, that’ s part of the problem. Uh, the paint can is still on my foot. W: Look, Mr. Sehuller. Please come in today. I don’t think your case can wait. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. From the conversation, how did the man probably find out about Dr. Carter? 9. Why can’ t the man make it Wednesday at 4:00 o’ clock? 10. Which of the following statements is true? 11. Why did the man want to see the doctor? He saw the office on his way home from work. A friend referred him to Dr. Carter’s office. He found Dr. Carter’s number in the phone book. He found Dr. Carter’ s number on the Internet.

W: Oh, Steve, you’re early! I’m happy you’re here early today because I’d like to discuss your attendance for a moment. M: Gee, Dr. Olivia, I’m really sorry about missing class yesterday. W: Actually, it’ s been several days. Counting today, we’ ve only had 6 classes, yet you’ ve already missed 4. It’ s more than a half. You won’t be able to pass if you ’re constantly absent. And I really don’t want to fail anyone. M: Sorry, I’ ve been extremely busy. I can explain for it. Dr. Olivia. I have a part-time job, so ... W: Well, I hope you’ re already for today’ s exam. M: Today? I thought it was Monday! W: Read the syllabus, Steve. This is precisely what I’m talking about. You should either make an effort to attend, or you should consider withdrawing while it’ s still possible. . M: What do you mean? W: Today’ s the final day you can withdraw and get a full refund. M: Maybe I really should. What do you suggest? W: I wish you could attend classes regularly: however, if you don’t believe you’re capable of this, then don’t waste your money. M: Thanks, Dr. Olivia. I really appreciate your advice. If it’s okay, I suppose I’ll go ahead and drop the class. W: It’s entirely up to you, but that might be best if you don’t think things are going to change. Excuse me, the students are coming, and I’ ve got to get ready for class. I wish you the very best of luck, Steve. M: Thank you, Dr. Olivia. Goodbye. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12. What happened to the man today? 13. What is the man’ s problem? 14. What does the woman say about today? 15. What does the man decide to do at last? He is early for classes. He has an accident on the road. He always make troubles. He makes a complaint.

Good afternoon. I’m Teresa Dawn, the housing director here in the university. I’m visiting all the dormitories this week to inform the students about the check-out procedures. I know you have a lot on your minds with final com-ing-up. But there are a few things you need to be aware of as you prepare to leave for vacation. These dormitories will be closed during the summer months and will reopen on September 1. You must vacate your room by June 3. Even if you are registered for classes during the summer, you must leave this dorm by June 3. If this is going to be a problem for you, you should contact my office as soon as possible. You should remember to return your room key before you leave. Failure to return your key can result in a 25-dollar fine. You must also make sure that all of your personal property has been cleared out of your room. I will be passing out the form for you to fill out concerning the condition of your room. You should report on the form any damage to your room which occurred over the last year, such as halls, room walls, doors or windows. That way our summer manage crew will know where to make repairs before the next school year starts. If you have any questions during the next few days, please ask your resident advisors or call my office. Now please take one of the forms as they’re passed around. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard 16. What is the talk mainly about? 17. When is the deadline for students to leave? 18. If they forget to return the room key before they leave, what result will the student cause? Check-out procedures. Summer vacation registration. Summer manage crew. Filling out resident form.

To get a driver’s license, you must take a series of tests. The first test is the vision test. This test checks your eyes to see if you have to wear glasses when you drive. The second test is a written test that checks your knowledge of highway and traffic regulations. You can prepare for this test by studying a booklet that you can get at the driver’ s license office. After you pass the written test, you receive an instruction permit. This permit allows you to practice driving with an experienced driver. The last test you have to take is a road test. This checks your driving ability. If you pass it, you will receive your driver’ s license. When you go to the driver’s license office to take the road test, you must provide your own vehicle. First, the license examiner checks the mechanical condition of your car. Then, the examiner gets into the car with you and asks you to drive in regular traffic. While you are driving, the examiner tests you for such things as starting, stooping, turning, backing up, and packing. If you can’t control the car properly, or if you violate a traffic regulation while you are taking the test, you will fail the examination. You will have to practice driving more until you take the road test again and pass it. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. What does the written test check? 20. What will you get after passing the second test? 21. Who might be the readers of this passage? Your eyesight. The mechanical condition of your car. Your knowledge of highway regulations. Your driving ability.

Nowadays there are more and more ways of going on holiday. More and more people go abroad every year. Some people even go on two or three holidays a year. In my opinion, there are two types of holidaymakers. The first kind of holidaymakers always flock to seaside resorts when they go on holiday. Their one and only aim is to have a good time by sunbathing and putting their feet up. They are not a bit interested in local specialties. At mealtimes, if they can get a plate of British “fish and chips“, they’ re more than happy! They spend their days in the sunshine and their evenings getting drunk, and then sleep soundly. If this sort of person forgets to pack the suntan oil, he or she will undoubtedly come home as red as a lobster. The other sort of holidaymakers goes to every country to increase their knowledge of foreign lands. They make use of the chance to travel to improve their world knowledge. For them, going on holiday is educational. Consequently, this sort of travelers will move from place to place every few days. If they visit lots of places in a short span of time, there is no way that they can get a proper feel of a place or fully appreciate the local food and wine. Whichever type of holiday chosen, everybody has the same aim: to put their work to the back of their minds, have as much fun as possible and come home happy and relaxed. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22. Which of the following facts is not true to the holidaymakers? 23. What is the aim of the first type of holidaymakers? 24. How do the first type of holidaymakers spend their days? 25. What is the aim of the second type of holidaymakers? In the author’ s opinion, there are mainly two kinds of holidaymakers. The same aim for any kind of holidaymakers is to be happy and relaxed. Few people enjoy going on two or three holidays a year. For some holidaymakers, going on holiday can improve their world knowledge.

Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of【C1】______where the sun always shines. Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work. The other side of the picture is quite the【C2】______. Life on a desert island is wretched. You either【C3】______to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, Waiting for a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few us have had the opportunity to find out. Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer. They were taking a badly【C4】______boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired. During the journey, their boat began to【C5】______. They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not【C6】______to be a problem. The men【C7】______rainwater in the rubber dinghy.【C8】______they had brought a spear gun with them, they had【C9】______to eat. They caught lobster and fish every day, and, as one of them put it “ate like kings“. When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely【C10】______that they had to leave. A) when B) sank C) damaged D) few E) starve F) collected G) sink H) paradise I) opposite J) as K) happy L) plenty M) sorry N) same O) prove

How Do You See Diversity? A) As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company. During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. B) He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,“ so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. C) “It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,“ Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different“ behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding. He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting (避开) your eyes. D) “I was just thrown off by the lack of eye contact; not realizing it was cultural,“ Tiffany says. “I missed out, but will not miss that opportunity again.“ E) Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our understanding of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions. Hire Advantage F) At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult, employers who can eliminate invalid biases (偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage. My company, Mindsets LLC, helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots. A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make. G) “During my Mindsets coaching session, I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets. The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company. When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.“ Blinded by Gender H) Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce. “Through one of the sessions, I discovered my personal bias,“ he recalls. “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person, and being open to differences.“ In his case, the blindness was not about culture but rather gender. I) “I had a management position opened in my department, and the two finalists were a man and a woman. Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel. My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position, I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel.“ Dale’ s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce. J) “I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation, I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision.“ Dale credits the workshop, “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness.“ Year of the Know-It-All K) Doug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops. He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee. L) “One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year. In my ignorance, I assumed he had his dates wrong, as the first of January had just passed. When I advised him of this, I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates. M) “He patiently waited, then when I was done, he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle, is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar. Needless to say, I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up. But I learned a great deal about assumptions, and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture. N) “Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees, rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all,“ Doug admits. “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more ’inclusive’ to differences.“ A better Bottom Line O) An open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally, it is profitable as well. These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales. “Most of my customers speak English as a second language. One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone. It wasn’t until my boss received Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service. As result, our customer base has increased.“ P) Once we start to see people as individuals, and discard the stereotypes, we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone. Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities. It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity. Q) When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, etc, we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values. We need to train ourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us, creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone.

If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky. If you say to your children “I’m sorry I got angry with you, but...“ what follows that “but“ can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day“ or “your noise was giving me a headache“ leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology. Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset“: this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “I’ m useless as a parent“ does not commit a person to any specific improvement. These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness, Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies. But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to be come aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children’s expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent’s clothes without permission is not.

Students of economics are in revolt(造反)again. This year, 65 groups of students from 30 countries established an International Student Initiative for Pluralism(多元化)in Economics. In no other subject do students express such organized dissatisfaction with their teaching. It seems, however, to little lasting effect. Temporality is inherent in student life: they don suits, collect their first salary and leave their complaints behind until the same complaints are rediscovered by a new group of 19-year-olds with similar naive hopes of changing the world. Still, recurrent dissatisfaction among both students and employers suggests they have a point. One cause of the problem is not specific to economics. Modern universities prize research above teaching, to a degree that would astonish people outside the system, who imagine its primary purpose is to educate the young. In reality, teaching ability plays a bit role in university hiring and promotion decisions. Many academic staff regard teaching as a trouble that gets in the way of their “own“ work. If most students were not having such a good time outside the classroom, they would be angrier than they are. They should be. Students demand for more pluralism in the economics curriculum is well made. Yet much of the “heterodox economics“ the Manchester students suggest including is flaky, the creation of people with their own political agenda. Their professors reject the introduction of these alternative schemes. Yet teachers are mistaken in their conformity, to a single methodological approach—concluded in the claim that has taken hold in the past four decades that approaches not based on rational choice foundations are unscientific or “not economics“. The need is not so much to teach alternative paradigms of economics as to teach that pragmatism, not paradigm, is the key to economic understanding. This eclecticism is reflected in the curriculum setting. The subject of economics is not a method of analysis but a set of problems—the problems that drew students to the subject in the first place. The proper scope of economics is any and all ideas that bear usefully on these topics: just as the proper scope of medicine is any and all therapies that help the patient.

人类在漫长发展进程中创造了丰富多彩的世界文明，中华文明是世界文明多样性、多元化的重要组成部分。中医药作为中华文明的杰出代表，是中国各族人民在几千年生产生活实践和与疾病作斗争中逐步形成并不断丰富发展的医学科学，不仅为中华民族繁衍昌盛做出了卓越贡献，也对世界文明进步产生了积极影响。随着人们健康观念变化和医学模式转变，中医药越来越显示出独特价值。