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Look at the statements below and the five extracts on the opposite page from newspaper articles about economic development of the five places in the world.
Which extract(A, B, C, D or E)does each statement(1-8)refer to?
For each statement(1-6), mark one letter(A, B, C, D or E)on your Answer Sheet.
You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
There is an example at the beginning(0).
Example:
0 Mining is the major industry of the area.
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A
Jharkhand, a state that traditionally has focused on agriculture, is attracting big international investors as the costs of land and labour rise in coastal regions. In 2007 alone, 187 new foreign enterprises had established presences in the state. Jharkhand’s main draw—low wages and cheap land—will continue to provide incentives for Foreign Direct Investment in the years to come. The state capital Ranchi, a six-hour bus ride from Kolkata, accounts for about 30 percent of the total investment in the state.
B
Vietnam will continue to invest heavily in its agricultural future. Rice is the major product of the country, and Vietnam’s ever-growing food demands will see that crop yields will need to be consistently high. Hi-tech research is required, and government policies will ensure that more R&D investment is put in the country. Hi-tech industries also are setting up in a number of development zones, many of which were opened around 2003 and are growing rapidly thanks to favourable incentives.
C
The future of Hubei is largely dependant on the success of the Three Gorges Dam project. As a result, there have been many upgrades of Hubei’s river ports, and there is likely to be many more as larger volumes of cargo are transported up and down the river. Wuhan intends to turn itself into the major manufacturing hub of central China. With the flow of river traffic from the Three Gorges and government incentives to move manufacturing inland, Wuhan is more likely to succeed in this aim, with further enterprises linked to exports and distributors likely to find a base in the city.
D
Philippines plans to invest more than $200 billion in infrastructure development in 2007. A large portion of Philippines’ industrial output is related to its rich mineral deposits, with the smelting and pressing of ferrous and non-ferrous metals accounting for 19.6 percent of the total industrial output. Related manufacturing industries have been relocating to Philippines in recent years from Singapore and Malaysia. In the future, manufacture will continue to be a major industry in Philippines.
E
Manitoba is rich in natural resources and is a major source of timber products in Canada. It boasts rich deposits of copper, silver and uranium. There is a great need to further increase infrastructure, especially roads and rails. The province’s located at the crossroads of the nation’s two largest economic engines. Tourism is one of the major hopes here as the far west of the province is becoming more popular and accessible for those traveling to the lake routes.
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Read this text about the transformation of strategies of Thomson Corporation .
Choose the best sentence form the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.
For each gap(9-14), mark one letter(A-H)on your Answer Sheet.
Do not use any letter more than once.
There is an example at the beginning(0).
Transformation of Strategies of Thomson Corporation
How does a business-to-busi-ness company find out exactly what end users do with its products? That was the question we wrestled with at the Thomson Corporation, because the people who buy from us are not the same people who actually use our products in their daily work.(0). C.... For Thomson, the answer has been to combine multiple methods of deep customer inquiry, from market surveys to observing users directly in their workplace. Those efforts have been part of a front-end customer strategy that has become the cornerstone of the company’s transformation. This strategy has included asking lawyers, accountants, financial analysts, investment managers, scientific researchers, and other professionals who use our products and services what they do on a minute-by-minute basis.【P1】______ By doing so, we’ve learned how to help end users with their work in ways that might otherwise never have occurred to us.
Such scrutiny of the end user wouldn’t be unusual if we were a consumer products company. 【P2】______ But like most other B2B companies, Thomson historically had a much better understanding of its buyers than of its end users【P3】______ The transformation of Thomson began a little over a decade ago. 【P4】______ We published more than 200 newspapers, along with textbooks, law books, and professional journals, and operated the largest leisure travel business in the United Kingdom. Thomson was a prosperous leader in its markets, but we were concerned about the long-term viability of our business portfolio. First, our markets were not equal in terms of growth potential. Leisure travel, for example, was becoming increasingly competitive and turning into a commodity. To realise Thomson’s full potential, we needed to become less diversified and more focused on the business model with the best prospects for the future.
Second, as we looked around the corner we could see the beginnings of a radical change in market dynamics.【P5】______ The worth of our considerable paper assets was in jeopardy.
The transformation began with the divestiture of businesses that didn’t fit our strategic focus on information publishing services and with the acquisition of professional information publishing assets that did, along with investments in the technology needed to build and deliver products and services online.【P6】______ These advances were driven by the changing needs of our end users and, by extension, our buyers.
Example:[*]
A The real breakthroughs, however, came a few years into the transformation process. In 2001, when we realised we needed to focus more closely on customers than ever before.
B At the time, Thomson was a nearly 70-year-old holding company with $ 8. 7 billion in revenue.
C But as older generations die out and younger ones come online, and as generations in the middle try e-books and realise their advantages, the demise of paper books will continue to accelerate.
D P&G is known for following consumers around stores and observing them in their kitchens.
E We knew a fair amount about, say, financial services information managers, who were responsible for making purchasing decisions for an entire department, but little about the individual brokers or investment bankers who used our data, research, and other resources daily to make investment decisions for their clients.
F In particular, it appeared that the rise of the internet would change the newspaper and publishing markets forever.
G The internet has indeed become an integral part of consumers’ cornmercial activities.
H Then we’ve systematically sought to deliver solutions that meet their needs during each of those hours.
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Read the following article about the success of Starbucks and the questions on the opposite page.
For each question(15-20), mark one letter(A, B. C or D)on your Answer Sheet.
Starbucks
Because of rapid globalisation over recent years, the competition around the world becomes more intense, especially for the service industry with the similar products. The most critical point for business to succeed is not only the quality of products they supply, but also the atmosphere of cooperating and the amount from yield of teamwork in retail sales. The employees who always deal with customers and can realise what customers really need are first- line staff. Therefore, it turns to be essential for companies to motivate, reward and train their employees to be the best quality personnel.
Starbucks began by three friends, Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl, and Gordon Bowker, who knew each other in the University of Seattle. In 1971, the first name of their store is “Starbucks Coffee, Tea and Spice“ in Seattle, Washington’s Pike Place Market. Starbucks Corporation, the most famous chain of retail coffee shops in the world, mainly benefits from roasting, selling special coffee beans and various kinds of coffee or tea drinks. It owns about 4,000 branches in the whole world. Moreover, it has been one of the most rapidly growing corporations in America as well. The reasons why Starbucks is worldwide popular are not only the quality of coffee, but also its customer service and cozy environment. Starbucks established comfortable surroundings for people to socialise with a fair price, which attracts consumers of various ages to get into the stores. Besides, it is also noted for its satisfaction of employees.
Starbucks is one of the optimal business models for cooperation and teamwork. Teamwork can not only construct a small social structure in organisation for employees to socialise, but also is a composite of various kinds of members who are equipped with different background of skill and knowledge on account of the mission. Each member plays an important role in the teamwork; therefore, everyone in that team can meet his need for getting acquainted with different colleagues and learn new skill from each other. Thus the definition of teamwork is a social system including more than three people in an organisation or context. These members identify others as one member of the: team and they have the same goal.
The managers in Starbucks treat each workpeople equally and all of the staff are called ’ part-ners’, even the supervisors of each branch are so(ailed as well. In order to narrow the gap between managers and employees, they also co-work with the basic level staff in the front line. Due to this, they can maintain a good management system and create a much closer and more familiar atmosphere than other places, which makes not only employees enjoy their job but also customers affected by their enthusiasm.
Starbucks has a well-organised communication channel for employees. It places a great importance on labours. For example, managers plan the working hours per worker and arrange the schedule of time off, and meet their requirements according to their wants. There are interviews every week to see what employees’ need is. A special survey called “Partner View Survey“ is taken off approximately every two years. The managers can receive feedbacks through the event on which part should be improved or what issue should be paid more attention to.
The partners have the right to figure out what is the best policy for them, and the directors show a respect for each suggestion. Starbucks even wants every employee to join in making and developing plans, then achieving their goals all together. As a result, the policies and principles are communicated between all staff, and there is no limitation in employees’ personal opinions. For this reason, business could improve, even innovate their strategies by different ideas.
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Read the article below about the effect of the present economic recession in the United States on American women in contrast to men.
Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D on the opposite page.
For each question(21-30), mark one letter(A, B, C or D)on your Answer Sheet.
There is an example at the beginning(0).
The Present Recession Affects Women More Than Men
If men were the first to lose their jobs in the heart of the economic crisis in the United States, a study now shows a(0). B... trend, women,【C1】______mothers today, are suffering the collateral effects, while the American economy is back on the road to growth.
According to a report by the Joint Economic Committee of American Congress, American men were the most affected at the beginning of the crisis as over-【C2】______in most key sectors such as building and industry. Today, they are finding jobs, unlike women and especially single mothers. Between October 2009 and March 2010, women have lost 22,000 jobs while men have found 260,000 jobs, a 【C3】______ by that Committee. According to the chairwoman of this Committee, Democrat Carolyn Maloney, the conclusions of the survey show that single women were particularly affected, with an【C4】______rate that【C5】______from 8 percent to 13.6 percent between the year 2007 to 2009.
【C6】______, one third of jobs destroyed during the current recession were【C7】______by women, said Ms. Maloney. For example, it was discovered that during【C8】______ recessions, this percentage was lower: Women have been affected by 15 percent of job losses during the recession of 2001. While women are losing more jobs, their families are more【C9】______on women incomes, said Carolyn Maloney.
In 2009, 3. 3 million women worked part time for【C10】______ reasons, the report said. Either because they had not found a full-time employment or their working hours had been reduced to part time.
So let’s all hope that this trend will change soon and that the economy gets better soon in America for women as well as for men.
Example:
A obvious B reverse C reverent D opposite
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Read the article below about language learning for small businesses.
For each question(31-40), write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.
There is an example at the beginning(0).
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What Work Environments Do?
Work environments are(0). as varied 【B1】______ there are types of businesses. 【B2】______it is a large corporation with multiple departments and locations, or a small business with only a handful of employees, different work environments seem to serve different purposes. If your company is experiencing increased or high turnover rates, it is important to look at all of the aspects that could be affecting employee satisfaction, but do not overlook the impact and influence the environment could have【B3】______the situation.
The work environment can include various factors—the lighting, furniture, colours, smells, sounds—everything that makes【B4】______the environment where work happens combines into
【B5】______an overall effect. Some things cannot be helped, of course. For example, a business that specialises【B6】______auto-body repair and auto-painting is going to have the equipment needed to get the job done, as well as some pretty strong odors of paint. There are things the employers can do【B7】______ minimise the effects but they will likely not be completely eliminated. One Would assume that individuals who are highly sensitive【B8】______this environment would not want to work there and【B9】______employees will understand the realities of the work environment.
When employees expect a certain type of environment and get something very different, problems can result. Those expected to work in a quiet, functional office but who find themselves【B10】______in an office environment that is loud, chaotic, with strong fumes coming from a nearby shop or other coping with other uncomfortable environment realities may soon be looking for alternative work.
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Read the text below about job vacancies.
In most of the lines(41-52), there is one extra word. It either is grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.
If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.
If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.
The exercise begins with two examples(0 and 00).
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Knowing Your Strengths
0 The idea that positive feedback can be as effective as negative feedback in improving
00 it performance is not the prevailing view among managers. In fact, when my colleagues
【M1】______and I who direct an executive’s attention to the data on his or her strengths,
【M2】______a typical response is, “Don’t tell me to what I’m good at. Give me something to work on.“
【M3】______It underlies the first rule: Get beyond the idea that praise is a tool to make
【M4】______the people feel good or to fortify them against the negative feedback.
【M5】______Second, don’t assume for that standout strengths that are obvious to you are as obvious
【M6】______to the individuals who possess of them. It is just as difficult for high achievers to see their
【M7】______strengths and as it is for them to see their weaknesses.
【M8】______Third, when offering up positive feed back, don’t expect people will immediately take it in.
【M9】______Just as individuals can have trouble in hearing criticisms, they can have a hard time
【M10】______accepting praise. The executives we’ve worked with cite reasons when they reject praise:
【M11】______they’re concerned it will go to their heads; they fear it will burden them with other people’s
【M12】______expectations; and they therefore worry that receiving praise only raises the bar higher.
