2014年职称英语（综合类）A级真题试卷

There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject. point tendency result finding

New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity. amazing depressing predictable dull

The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. furnish copy publish summarize

The group does not advocate the use of violence. limit regulate oppose support

The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated. reproduced invented designed reported

The department deferred the decision for six months. put off arrived at abided by protested against

The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later. eased appeared improved relieved

That uniform makes the guards look absurd. serious ridiculous beautiful impressive

Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes. silent motionless seated 真

The country was torn apart by strife. poverty war conflict economy

She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. act homework justice model

A person’ s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness. equal certain large opposite

His professional career spanned 16 years. started changed moved lasted

His stomach felt hollow with fear. sincere “ respectful terrible empty

This was disaster on a cosmic scale. modest huge commercial national

When Our Words Collide “Wanna buy a body?“ That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from freelance(自由职业)photographers when I was a photo editor at U. S. News. Like many in the mainstream press, I wanted to separate the world of photographers into “ them“ , who trade in pictures of bodies or chase celebrities, and ’’us“ , the serious news people. But after 16 years in that role, I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable. Working in the reputable world of journalism, I assigned photographers to cover other people ’ s nightmares. I justified invading moments of grief, under the guise(借口)of the reader’ s right to know. I didn’ t ask photographers to trespass(冒犯)or to stalk(跟踪), but I didn’ t have to. 1 worked with pros(同行)who did what others did, talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines to get pictures I was after. And I wasn’ t alone. In the aftermath of a car crash or some other hideous incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to capture the blood and gore(血腥场面). But you are likely to see local newspaper and television photographers on the scene—and fast. How can we justify our behavior? Journalists are taught to separate doing the job from worrying about the consequence of publishing what they record. Repeatedly, they are reminded of a news-business dictum(格言): leave your conscience in the office. You get the picture of the footage; the decision whether to print or air it comes later. A victim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead;your job is to record the image. You put away your emotions and document the scene. We act this way partly because we know that the pictures can have important meaning. Photographs can change deplorable(凄惨的)situations by mobilizing public outrage or increase public understanding. However, disastrous events often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editors. In the first minutes and hours after a disaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. Often an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and put it up for bid by major magazines. The most keenly sought “exclusives“ command tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests. Many people believe that journalists need to change the way they do things, and it’ s our pictures that annoy people the most. Readers may not believe, as we do, that there is a distinction between sober-minded us and sleazy(低级庸俗的)“them“. In too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right.

The Storyteller 1 Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tell as many interesting stories to as many people as possible. The son of a computer scientist and a pianist, Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and then Arizona. Some of his childhood memories became the inspiration for his filmmaking. 2 Even decades later, Spielberg says he has vivid memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his most successful films. He believes that E. T. is the result of the difficult years leading up to his parent s 1966 divorce. He commented, “ It is really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life. “ Close Encounters of the Third Kind was inspired by times when the four-year-old Steven and his father would search the skies for meteors(流星). His mother remembers, “ He was scared of just about everything. When trees brushed against the house, he would jump into my bad. And that’ s just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist. “ 3 Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dad’ s movie camera and began shooting short flicks(电影)about flying saucers(飞碟)and World War TJ battles. These homemade movies gave him a way to escape his fears. From the very beginning, he had a creative imagination. With his talent for scary storytelling, he could terrify his three younger sisters. It also made it easier for him to make friendships. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, young Steven became the center of attention. “ Steven would start telling his ghost stories, “says Richard Y. Hoffman. Jr. , leader of Troop 294, “and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear. “ 4 Spielberg moved to California with his father and went to high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood. Spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non-credit internship(实习)in Hollywood. Soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. He never looked back. 5 Now, many years later, Spielberg is still telling stories with as much passion as when he was a boy. Ask him where he gets his ideas, and Spielberg will shrug. “The process for me is mostly intuitive, “ he says. “There are films that I feel that I need to make. And it’ s for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, or because I just want to have fun. Or maybe because the subject matter is cool, and I think that my kids will like it. “ A. Getting Into the Movie Business B. Inspirations for His Movies C. An Aim of Life D. Telling Stories to Make Friends E. The Trouble of Making Movies F. A Funny Man

A. making children laugh B. almost everything C. a lot of money D. his childhood memories E. telling scary stories F. a number of reasons

The National Trust The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not. a rich government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest. The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4, 500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust’ s “Country House Scheme“. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about 150 of these old houses. Last year, about 1.75 million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge. In addition to country houses and open spaces, the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, 540 farms and nearly 2, 500 cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original 16th century style. Over 4, 000 acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife. Over the past 80 years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life. It helps to preserve all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.

A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer Post-menopausal(绝经后的)women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report, which followed 73 , 000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk. A recent poll for the charity Ramblers found a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, followed 73, 615 women out of 97, 785 aged 50 -74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between 1992 and 1993, so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group. They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009. Of the women, 47% said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week. Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said, “Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity, could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women. “ “More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more. “ Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said, “ This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer, and even small changes incorporated into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference. “ She added, “We know that the best weapon to overcome breast cancer is’the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer. “