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Yet in one way they are really so fortunate. to some extent in the way by the way just then
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I’ve always been cautious about giving people my phone number. afraid frightened careful rational
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It can be regarded as the worst day in my entire life. all young whole joyful
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The music was a little loud,but except that it was a great concert. better than more than other than rather than
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He resented being called a foreigner. hated enjoyed annoyed shocked
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The earth moves around the sun. before round after over
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The city government is now faced with a very serious situation after the train-collision. ideal favorable good severe
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The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident. secrets details benefits words
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He is assigned to oversee the production of the assembly lines. supervise watch suspect predict
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I remember seeing her somewhere previously. before ahead seldom secretly
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His new girlfriend had omitted to tell him that she was married forgotten failed deleted left
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What were the consequences of the decision she had made? reasons results causes bases
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Because of the popularity of the region,it is advisable to book hotels in advance. possible profitable easy wise
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One’s economic condition often affects his or her way of life. determines shows influences confines
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She was unwilling to go but she bad no choice. unable indecisive ready reluctant
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Schooling and Education
It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education.Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school.The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling.Education knows no bounds.It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor.It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning.The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.
Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises.A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions.People are engaged in education from infancy on.Education,then,is a very broad, inclusive term.It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next.
Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on.The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught.For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.
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Spacing in Animals
1.Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy
to approach only up to a given distance before it flees.“Flight distance“ is the terms used for this interspecies spacing.As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance—the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy.An antelope will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards a-way.The wall lizard’s flight distance, on the other hand, is about six feet.Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.
2.Critical distance apparendy is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction.“Critical distance“ includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance.A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome.If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates the lion’s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion reverses direction and begins slowly to stalk the man.
3.Social animals need to stay in touch with each other.Loss of contact with the group can be fatal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies.Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group—that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group—it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits.We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group.
4.Social distance varies from species to species.It is quite short—apparently only a few yards— among some animals, and quite long among others.
5.Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation.When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother’s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach.This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo.When the baby approaches a certain point, the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her.When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shrinks.To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.
A.Philosophical distance
B.Flight distance
C.Social distance is determined in part by the situation
D.Critical distance
E.Social distance
F.Physical distance
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A.differs among animal species
B.to psychological distance
C.begin to attack
D.to physiological distance
E.distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing
F.distance between certain animal species before fleeing
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Knowing Your Real Personality from Sleeping Positions
Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real.You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control yourself, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you.In a normal night, of course, you often change your sleeping positions.The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.
If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person.You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas.You don’t like to make people unhappy, so you never express your real feelings.You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets.You worry a lot and you’re always easily becoming sad.You never want to change your ideas, but you are satisfied with your life the way it is.You usually live for today not for tomorrow.
If you sleep on curled up, you are probably a very nervous person.You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive.You’re shy and you don’t usually like meeting people.You like to be on your own.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality.You know your strengths and weaknesses.You’re usually careful.You have a confident personality.You sometimes feel worried, but you don’t often get unhappy.You always say what you think, even if it makes people angry.
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The Only Way Is Up
Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline.It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven.It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go a-bove a certain height.But these are cities concerned with the past.The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.
When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land.Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met.And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground.That means building upwards.
The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century.But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor.They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs.People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.
Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift—or elevator, as he preferred to call it.However, most of the technology is very old.Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids.What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken.It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention.In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them before selling the idea to architects and builders.
A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now.Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring.Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating.The reason is simple.Scientists have always studied animals in zoos.The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.
“ It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us—and you just can’t choose to move away“ ,says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon.Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says.Some people are scared of them.Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss.Some stand close to the door.Others hide in the corners.Most people try and shrink into the background.But some behave in a way that makes others notice them.There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes.
Don’t worry about them.They are probably from a university.
