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They had put up with the behavior from their son which they would not have tolerated from anyone else. accepted suffered endured received
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He was awarded ＄1,000 damages for the injury he suffered in the accident. compensation insurance commission substitution
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The second injection should have been given once the first drug had taken effect. taken place injected worked out worked
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The next morning she told us that the last question didn’t depart till well after midnight. go leave come appear
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Capital punishment was abolished some years ago in some states of the U.S. created decorated improved eliminated
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Human facial expression differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified. sufficiently noticeably intentionally absolutely
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What makes a major success in Los Angeles is the strength of his public support. concentration intensity conservation stress
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They have been tightening their belts for months, adapting themselves to a war economy. modifying adopting arranging adjusting
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All dogs are capable of doing harm to human beings. damage injury danger wound
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The people who speak Esperanto hope that the language someday will become the international language for trade, science, and diplomacy. common unique official well-known
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You don’t need to carry large amounts of cash; actually all financial businesses will be conducted by computers. transmissions transitions transactions transportation
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Gambling is lawful in this state. legal irresistible enjoyable profitable
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Smoking is not permitted in the office. probable possible admitted allowed
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I didn’t help him. I would have however didn’t have the money. or but otherwise still
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When we visited the country, our principal impression was one of poverty and hardship. main central unforgettable strong
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On British Newspapers
Besides the daily newspapers, there are a number of Sunday newspapers in Britain. Many of them are connected with the “dailies“, though not run by the same editor and his members. The Sunday papers are larger than the daily papers and usually contain more articles concerned with comment (评论) and general information rather than news. The national daily and Sunday papers have the largest circulation(发行) in the world. Of the Sunday papers, the Observer and the Sunday Times are the best known.
It is a regrettable fact that the number of magazines of a literary or political nature has dropped down since the war. This has probably been caused by the ever-wider use of radio and television. The most successful magazines are those published for women. Their covers are designed to catch the eye, and they certainly succeed in doing so! They offer their readers articles on cookery (烹饪法), fashion, needlework, and many other matters of women interest. They also provide advice to those in love, and adventures with handsome heroes. Some women’s magazines also include serious articles of more general interest.
The visitor who looks at the magazines displayed in a large bookstall (书摊) which may be found in an important railway station will notice that there is a wide variety of technical or semitechnical(半专业的) books and magazines. There are magazines for the motorist, the farmer, the gardener, the nurse, and many others.
There are many local and regional newspapers. It is common in Britain for a news agent(报刊经售人) to deliver (投递) the morning papers to his customers for a small extra payment, this service is usually performed by boys and girls who want to earn some pocket-money.
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A) late 18th century
B) equal education and employment with men
C) weaker and lower in social position
D) early 20th century
E) her children
F) the rights of voting
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Women’s Rights Movement
1 Women’s rights are guarantees of political, social, and economic equality for women in a society that traditionally gives more power and freedom to men. Among these rights are control of property, equality of opportunity in education and employment, right of voting, and freedom of marriage. Today, complete political, economic, and social equality with men remains to be achieved.
2 Male control was obvious from the time of the earliest written historical records, probably as a result of men’s role in hunting and warfare. The belief that women were naturally weaker and inferior to men was also found in god-centered religions. Therefore, in most traditional societies, women generally were at a disadvantage. Their education was limited to learning domestic skills, and they had no access to positions of power. A woman had no legal control over her person, her own land and money, or her children.
3 The Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, which caused economic and social progress, provided a favorable climate for the rise of women’s rights movement in the late 18th and 19th century. In 1848 more than 100 persons held the first women’s rights convention in New York, and the feminists demanded equal rights, including the vote.
4 In the late 1960s women made up about 40 percent of the work force in England, France, Germany, and the United States. This figure rose to more than 50 percent by the mid-1981s. A commission under the President was established in 1960 to consider equal opportunities for women. Acts of Congress entitled them to equality in education, employment, and legal rights. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act, initially intended only for blacks was extended to women.
5 The objectives of the women’s movement included equal pay for equal work, federal support for day-care centers, recognition of lesbian(女性同性恋) rights, making abortion legal, and the focus of serious attention on the problems of forced sex relations, wife and child beating, and discrimination against older and minority women.
A) Goals
B) History of Women’s Rights Movement
C) Start of Women’s Rights Movement
D) Traditional Status of Women
E) Rights of Women
F) Development
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Valuing Childhood
The value of childhood is easily blurred (变得模糊不清) in today’s world. Consider some recent developments: The child-murderers in the Jonesboro, Ark. schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced. Two boys, 7 and 8, were charged in the murder of an 11 year old girl in Chicago.
Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will. Yet, as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed, the one boy who was able to address the court couldn’t begin to explain his acts, though he tried to apologize. There may have been a motive-youthful jealousy(妒忌) and resentment. But a deeper question remains: Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner, moral restraint?
That question echoes for the accused in Chicago, young as they are. They wanted the girl’s bicycle, a selfish impulse common enough among kids.
Redemption (拯救) is a practical necessity. How can value be restored to young lives distorted by acts of violence? The boys in Jonesboro and in Chicago will be confined in institutions for a relatively short time. Despite horror at what was done, children are not-cannot be-dealt with as adults, not if a people wants to consider itself civilized. That’s why politicians’ cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point.
But the moral void(真空)that invites violence has many sources. Family instability contributes. So does economic stress. That void, however, can be filled. The work starts with parents, who have to ask themselves whether they’re doing enough to give their children a firm sense of right and wrong. Are they really monitoring their activities and their developing processes of thought?
Schools, too, have a role in building character. So do youth organizations. So do law enforcement agencies, which can do more to inform the young about laws, their meaning, and their observance (遵守).
The goal, ultimately, is to allow all children a normal passage from childhood to adulthood (成年), so that tragic gaps in moral judgement are less likely to occur. The relative few who fill such gaps with acts of violence hint at many others who don’t go that far, but who lack the moral foundations childhood should provide-and which progressive human society relies on.
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Problems of the Elderly
Gerontologists (老年人问题学者) study how old people are treated within a society and how the elderly deal with the inevitable problems of aging, particularly those involving health and income. Health problems include normal losses in hearing, eyesight, and memory, and the increased possibility of chronic(慢性的)diseases. These losses are gradual and proceed at different rates for each individual. In general, the health of old people today is better than that of earlier generation-a condition that is likely to improve still further as more people receive better medical care throught their lives.
Because most old people are no longer in the labor force, a steady source of income is necessary. Systems of pensions and benefits are characteristic of industrial societies. One example is Social Security in the U. S. , which is now increased automatically as the cost of living rises. thus reducing somewhat the effect of inflation.
Although the income of retired people is about half that of working people, most manage to remain financially independent.
Income needs and health are what people consider most when they decide whether to retire or not. Putting an end to the limit on the retirement age is not expected to cause many workers to stay on the job if they can afford to retire. The need to relieve strains on the Social Security System, however, has led to legislation that gradually raises the age at which people can get full benefits. This might force them to work longer in the future.
Elderly people themselves often display high spirits, satisfaction with life, and feelings of selfworth. The important factors are health and income. The task of modern societies is to ensure that the aged have their basic needs met and that they can continue to function in the community.
