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They have been living under the most appalling conditions for two years. dreadful bad unpleasant poor
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I wasn’t qualified for the job really but I got it anyhow. besides anyway well anymore
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He achieved success through hard work. reached reaped attained took
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The standards set four years ago in Seoul will be far below the athletes’ capabilities now. capacities strengths possibilities abilities
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The army should have operated in conjunction with the fleet to raid the enemy’s coast. together in succession in alliance in connection
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His claims seem credible to many people. workable convincing practical reliable
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Jack is a diligent worker. ambitious lazy hardworking clever
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Society is now much more diverse than ever before. colorful attractive flexible varied
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Their interpretation was faulty. wrong ambiguous unclear unbelievable
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These old buildings are gorgeous. ridiculous lovely magnificent peculiar
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Contact your doctor if the cough persists. insists perseveres continues resists
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The powers of the European Commission to regulate competition in the Community are increasing. fight abolish remove control
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They scattered after dinner. separated fled departed spread
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From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just ridiculous. position point of view knowledge opinion
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The story was touching. inspiring boring moving frightening
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Smoking
Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.
Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.
Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.
Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. Right Wrong Not mentioned
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English and English Community
1 There is no denying that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England. Their languages became more and more similar to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.
2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.
3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.
4 English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language. English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.
5 Learning a second language extends one’s vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.A The Wide Use of English
B Historical Account of English and Its Community
C The Advantages of Learning a Second Language
D The Composition of the English Community
E The Threat That English Poses to Other Languages
F The Definition of a Speech Community
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Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving
Four weeks ago US children dressed as monsters and asked for sweets. That was Halloween。 In a few weeks American houses will be red and green and filled with presents, for Christmas.
As if all this isn’t enough, on Thursday this week, America will enjoy another festival - Thanksgiving.
Children will have two days off school, shops will close and houses will be filled with families enjoying mountains of food.
Every year, in Gainesville, Florida, an entire class celebrate Thanksgiving together. The class dresses up and puts on plays for their families. After the plays the families share a feast of traditional Thanksgiving foods like turkey and pumpkin pie.
Dean Foster, an Il-year-old boy will take part in this celebration. He said: “I love Thanksgiving because it means time off school, lots of nice food and a happy family.“
His brother Ben, nine, said: “The best thing about Thanksgiving, is that when it is finished, it is time to start Christmas.“
But behind the food and the large amount of money spent there is another message. On Thursday evening, Dean and Ben’s family will make a basket and put it on the table as they eat their evening meal.
Each of them will write a list of things that they are thankful for and place the paper in the basket. The family will read the pieces of paper and take time to thank God and each other for providing them with comfortable and happy lives.
Thanksgiving is a traditional festival that started in 1621, when the first pilgrims arrived in America to start a new life. After a hard year, they had a big autumn harvest. They held a feast and invited the native American Indians along to thank God for giving them enough food.
Many countries celebrate Thanksgiving. They often fall after the fields have been harvested and the crops collected for winter.On Halloween, children in the United States often dress up as ghosts. players. pilgrims. visitors.
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Life at Aichi University
I’m Yamamoto Mika, a 22-year old Japanese girl. I’d like to invite you to Aichi University so you can understand my life.
Our university has a close relationship with China and my department is the only one of its kind in Japan. My courses include the Chinese language, modem Chinese politics and economics. I love the Chinese culture and I have been to Tian jin as an exchange student.
In Japan, our courses are divided into compulsory, optional and specialized courses. However, we have a flexible schedule. We can choose classes from a wide range of options.
Many students finish the compulsory courses in three years so that they can have one year without any classes. They often use this period of time to study abroad, conduct research and travel. Many students even suspend their study for additional study-abroad opportunities.
Japanese universities encourage students to choose their own ways of study, so it is quite easy for us to apply for study suspension.
Japanese students participate in various kinds of extracurricular activities. They attend clubs from elementary schools, so many have already been accustomed to clubs when they enter university.
Our university now has 42 art clubs and 45 sports clubs. The annual University Festival is the grandest carnival of Japanese universities. In the festival, students promote their clubs and organize various activities. Our university’s festival attracted about 150,000 people last year. I really like this festival.
In school, I participate in the journalism club. When we have the club promotion, we cook “tonnjiru“, a kind of pork soup, and sell it to other students at the fair.
We also go to different places to interview celebrities who attend our festival as guests. It is a wonderful experience to talk to those stars face to face.
Japanese students like to hold parties. We have two kinds of parties. One is the Mochiyori party. If you want to attend this party you have to cook a course and take it to the party. The organizer buys drinks and snacks.
Another kind of party is the Nomikai, which mainly involves alcohol. We drink something called chu-hai, which is a combination of soda and wine. We also drink Japanese sake and beer. There are parties for many occasions, like welcoming new students, graduation, celebrating victories, birthday parties or just for promoting friendship.Which statement is NOT tree of Yamamoto Mika? She is a Japanese student. She has never been to China. She loves the Chinese culture. She wants you to understand her life.
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TV Shows and Long Bus Trips
Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end - with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. “Buy Super Clean Toothpaste.“ “Drink Good’n Wet Root Beer.“ “Fill up with Pacific Gas.“ Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared the unending cry of “You Need It! Buy It Now! “ The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if you’ve traveled that way before. Usually some things have changed - new houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and it’s fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless or dating, the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the tight or the left-hand lane? After a while, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus tides more interesting. But you’ve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.
The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and there’s a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat, of course, has become harder as the hours have passed. By now you’ve sat with your legs crossed, with your hands in your lap, with your hands on the ann rests - even with your hands crossed behind your head. The end comes just at the tight time. There are just no more ways to sit.According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip? Buses on the road. Films on television. Advertisements on billboards. Gas stations.
