职称英语（卫生类）C级模拟试卷40

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Police have already identified around 10 murder suspects. targeted distinguished captured separated

I know people who find it practically impossible to give up smoking. simultaneously almost absolutely basically

Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark. inadequately hardly faintly sufficiently

The economic reform in Japan has been accelerated. sped up put off slowed down stopped

Birds are abundant in the tall vegetation. steady plentiful extra meager

He was kept in appalling conditions in prison. dreadful bad unpleasant poor

Society is now much more diverse than ever before. colorful attractive flexible varied

Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle Ages. crudely rarely originally symbolically

Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized branches. conventionally obviously especially inevitably

He had finally achieved success. reached reaped attained took

During his lifetime he was able to accumulate quite a fortune. control spend collect exchange

A physician’ s sacred duty is to heal the sick. doctor professor physicist resident

Radios are not permitted in the library. agreed submitted admitted allowed

We were all there when the accident occurred. happened broke spread appeared

Step Back in Time Do you know that we live a lot longer now than the people who were born before us? One hundred years ago the average woman lived to be 45. But now, she can live until at least 80. One of the main reasons for people living longer is that we know how to look after ourselves better. We know which foods are good for us and what we have to eat to make sure our bodies get all the healthy things they need. We know why we sometimes get ill and what to do to get better again. And we know how important it is to do lots of exercise to keep our hearts beating healthily. But in order that we don’ t slip back into bad habits, let’ s have a look at what life was like 100 years ago. Families had between 15 and 20 children, although many babies didn’t live long. Children suffered from lots of diseases, especially rickets(佝偻病)and scurvy(坏血病), which are both caused by bad diets. This is because many families were very poor and not able to feed their children well. Really poor families who lived in crowded cities like London and Manchester often slept standing up, bending over a piece of string, because there was no room for them to lie down. People didn’ t have fridges until the 1920s. They kept fresh food cold by storing it on windowsills(窗台板), blocks of ice, or even burying it in the garden. Some children had to start work at the age of seven or eight to earn money for their parents. If you had lived 100 years ago, you might well be selling matchsticks(火柴杆)(a job done by many children)or working with your dad by now.

Napping to a Healthier Heart? 1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack. The test measures levels of a protein in the blood. The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke. 2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team. For about four years, they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease. The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack, heart failure or stroke. 3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way. The study involved mostly men, so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women. They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure. 4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person ’ s treatment. They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient’ s chance of a heart attack or stroke. The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association. 5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack? An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes. In countries like the United States, afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries. And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease. So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part. Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens. Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps. 6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress. They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men. But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women. A. More Questions to Be Asked B. Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNP C. Development of a Simple But Important Test D. Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart Disease E. How to Control the Levels of NT-proBNP F. Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease

A. where fewer people die from heart problem B. whether they have the risk of heart attack, heart failure or stroke C. would probably have lower rates of heart disease D. how to test a person’ s NT-proBNP level in the blood by himself E. his heart muscle would be under pressure in some way F. that napping is of great benefit to women too

U. S. Eats Too Much Salt People in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, government health experts said on Thursday. They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1 , 500 mg per day, yet most consume close to 3 , 500 mg per day. “It’ s important for people to eat less salt. People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium and rich in potassium and calcium can improve their blood pressure, “ Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement. “ People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake, “ Labarthe said. The study in CDC’ s weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than 1 , 500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40—which are considered high-risk groups. Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3, 436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005—2006 CDC estimate. Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply. Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5. 8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CDC said.

Common-cold Sense You can’t beat it, but you don’t have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because it’ s more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn’ t have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one. Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults—an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven’t had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses. There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it—but only it. Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person’ s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces. Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds. But even careful hygiene won’t ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes? The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you’ 11 also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar(or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits.