医学博士外语模拟试卷25

W: What’s this? I hear about your appearing on the six o’clock news. M: Oh that, some people were filming something on campus and I just happened to pass in front of the camera. Q: What does the man mean? He was taking pictures of the campus. His photographs were on the evening news. He went to see a film on campus. His television appearance was unintentional.

M: Thank goodness spring break starts next week. Are you doing anything special? W: I have been planning to go to Florida with a friend of mine. But since she’s backed out, everything’s sort of on hold. Q: What does the woman mean? She has decided not to go to Florida. Her plans aren’t definite. Her friend just returned from Florida. She prefers to travel without her friend.

W: Oh my, you still don’t look too good. Didn’t you take the pain reliever I gave you? M: Yeah, an hour ago. Guess I’ve got a headache that just won’t quit. Q: What does the man mean? He felt better an hour ago. His headache should be gone in an hour. He forgot to take the medicine for his headache. His head still hurts.

W: So how are you feeling? M: Much better now that I began taking an antibiotic. Student health gave me one, and it’s really help. You know what amazes me is that the human races survive before antibiotics. W: I agree. When my father was a young boy in the 1940’s, he got blood poisoning and would have died. But his doctor had heard of this new drug, called penicillin. M: Wow, he was really lucky. And now we have lots of antibiotics that kill bacteria. W: Well, penicillin kills bacteria, but not all antibiotics do. Some are just slowing the bacteria down until our normal immune defenses can finish the job. Tetracycline works that way. M: Wow, you are a fund of drug trivia. How do you know all these? W: My mother used to look up all our medicines, prescription and non-prescription. There are lots of books around. It’s interesting. What antibiotic are you taking? M: I don’t remember. It’s on the bottle. I think I’ll take a new look at the label and drop by the library to see if they have reference books on medicines. See you in lab tomorrow. Questions 16-20 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 16. What are the speakers mainly discussing? 17. What caused her father almost to die in the 1940’s? 18. Why does the woman tell the story about her father? 19. Where did the woman learn about antibiotics? 20. What will the man probably do next? Causes of illness. The discovery of antibiotics. The history of prescription drugs. Characteristics of antibiotics.

Let’s begin today by discussing enzymes. Enzymes are what make many of the body’s biochemical reactions possible. Actually biochemical reactions can take place without them, but at much lower rates. In fact an enzyme may cause a reaction to proceed billions of times faster than it would otherwise. Before I go on to the biochemical specifics of how this works, let me provide a figurative example. I think it will help illustrate the power of enzymes more clearly. Now, suppose you got a bag and you put a bunch of locks in it, just small padlocks. Then you put in all the keys that go with the locks. And you closed the bag and shook it hard. No matter how long you shook, chances are very small that any key would get inserted in any of the locks. But if you took them all out of the bag and this time used your hands to insert the keys in the locks, you could combine them much quicker. Enzymes act like your hands, quickly allowing chemical reactions that would otherwise take much longer. Now, there are two reasons that enzymes are so effective at enabling biochemical reactions. First, enzymes greatly reduce the amount of energy required to start the reactions, and with less energy needed the reactions can proceed a lot faster than they could without the enzyme. The second reason is that a small amount of an enzyme is needed to enable the biochemical reaction. That’s because the chemical structure of the enzyme itself does not become altered as if enables the reaction. So a single enzyme can be used to start the same biochemical reaction over and over again. Questions 21 - 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 21. What is the passage mainly about? 22. What point does the professor make about an enzyme when it is involved in a biochemical reaction? 23. What do enzymes do to help start a biochemical reaction? 24. Why does the professor talk about locks and keys? 25. What is enzymes? The impact of enzymes on chemical reactions. The way the body produces enzymes. The structure of enzymes. Types of chemical products created with enzymes.

We are rapidly nearing the end of this course in the history of classical music. We have covered several centuries in a very short time. Much too short to do the music justice, of course, but then this is a survey course. From now until the end of the term, we’ll be talking about and listening to electronic music. You probably already know it was in the 1930’s that musical computers and synthesizers first appeared in universities. The first commercial synthesizers were sold about this time, too. The sophistication and complexity of these instruments has now increased to the point that they can produce almost any kind of sound. Some alarmists believe these new instruments will bring an end to classical music or they’ve already have. You know I don’t share this view, though I agree we are in the midst of a revolution in instrument design. This, however, is not the first such revolution in musical history and probably not the last one either. Remember we’ve already studied a similar case in the early nineteenth century when the piano replaced the harpsichord and modern brass and wind instruments came into being. One of the most important reasons for the great popularity of electronic instruments is of course their relatively cheap price. Well, just look at it. Only about 400 dollars for an electronic keyboard compared to nearly 3,000 dollars for a piano. Naturally, this has done a lot to increase sales of electronic instruments. But I don’t think even the most ardent supporters of electronic instruments expect them to completely replace acoustic instruments. Questions 26-30 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. What is the speaker’s main topic? 27. At what point in the semester is this talk being given? 28. What is the speaker’s opinion of the idea that electronic instruments will destroy classical music? 29. When does the speaker say that another significant change in instrument design took place? 30. According to the speaker, how does the price of the electronic keyboard compared with the price of the piano? The replacement of the harpsichord by the piano. The development of electronic musical instruments. The relative costs of different types of musical instruments. The performance of classical music on synthesizers.

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Peter was seen crying when he came out of the office. We can deduce that he must have been punished. confer refer prefer infer

On September 2, 1937, President Roosevelt signed legislation that was to have far-reaching consequences for American wildlife. effect disaster challenge magic

The president is often awakened by a noisy crowd which assembles on the White House. concentrates assumes involves gathers

Overcoming setbacks takes time, efforts and perseverance. maintenance assistance persistence determination