Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite______. inexpensive invaluable priceless unworthy worthless

______the potential of new technology and the accompanying advances in science, it is possible to foresee a world in which a relatively stable human population can live at a high level of material affluence. In accordance with With regard to In case of As a result of For the sake of

I don ’ t think it’ s sensible of you to ______ your knowledge in front of the chairwoman, for it may well offend her. show around show up show off show out show away

People in business______hire artists for that kind of work say that simple artistic ability is not enough. which whom who whose why

My son has an advantage over his mother______he can speak English. since that. in that at that so that with that

[*] Today I will tell you about the research I have been conducting into the history of soap. While you may be able to find some information on the origins of soap, it is not a substance which has excited a great deal of study so far. What we do know is that even as long ago as 2500 BC soap was being used. Of course, initially it was only ever used on clothing rather than the body itself. In fact, although soap has existed for so many years, the use of soap for personal hygiene was unheard of until fairly recently and is considered to be a relatively modem notion. So we can only assume that other activities must have provided the basis from which this key concept arose. To make soap you need to combine three materials in relatively exact proportions. So, how is it that these primitive people from over two thousand years ago could have discovered soap? What these people lacked in technology they certainly made up for in practical skills. I carried out some experiments using basic technigues to try to find out what people without any chemical knowledge might have observed. And I was able to demonstrate that they would indeed have been able to make a soap-like substance that is not dissimilar to the one we know today. However, it is fair to assume that, as the process requires a certain amount of time and specialization, soap would most likely have only been available in the wealthy communities. Although there are claims that the British Celts and their European counterparts used soap, there is no real evidence that the British colonies of the Iron Age had access to such a product. The history of soap is not easy to discover. As soap is an organic substance no traces of it remain in archaeological sites, so we have had to rely almost entirely on written texts for our discoveries. Fortunately there are many of these. The first known written mention of soap was on Sumerian clay tablets dating from about 2500 BC. The tablets spoke of the use of soap in the washing of wool. In another incidence, a medical document from about 1500 BC mentions that Egyptians bathed regularly. It also describes how they made soap by combining alkaline salts and oil which they extracted from vegetables. We also know that the Romans used a mixture of earth, soda and wine to clean their clothes and pots. For the Romans bathing was not just a matter of hygiene; it was a form of relaxation, a social activity. The bather moved from room to room, getting progressively hotter, until they reached a steamy room where dirt was sweated out and scraped away with a metal blade. The Romans used scented bath oils but these were used to moisturize the skin rather than to cleanse it and there is no evidence that they used soap in this way. This is not to say that the Romans did not have soap. During the excavation of Pompeii, a city that was buried under the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, an entire soap factory was revealed, showing that they did in fact have access to soap but that they simply did not use it for personal hygiene. Questions 71-75 Complete the summary below with information from the passage, using no more than two words for each blank. In ancient times soap was used to clean clothing. It was not seen as a means of personal hygiene as 【A1】______times. Ancient people had little technology but many practical skills so they were able to discover soap by chance. Soap was probably only used in 【A2】______societies. There is no evidence that tribes people at the time of the British Iron Age used soap. The history of soap has mostly been discovered from 【A3】______. The earliest known use of soap in 2500 BC was to wash wool. The Egyptians made soap by mixing salts with oil taken from 【A4】______. The Roman saw washing themselves as a social activity. They removed dirt using steam and a metal blade. When Pompeii was excavated, they discovered a 【A5】______ for making soap.

每个人一生中都该有个志向，否则他的精力便会浪费掉。每个青年人都力求成为一个有成就的人物。【T1】一个青年人只期望富有或只专心于求得权力与名望是不明智的。 (nor； indulge in)一个青年人希望做个有成就者，结果常常会实现。狄斯拉里(Disraeli)的故事是个例证。狄斯拉里开始过公众生活时渴望成为一个学者及演说家，他在文学方面的成就比演说方面更为成功。起初他作为一个演说家时是完全失败的，【T2】不过，他认为有信心克服障碍，遂以不屈不挠的精神致力于这个目标的实现。 (commit oneself；in a persevering spirit)他的一些朋友认为他这个念头是愚蠢的，甚至是古怪的，但他坚持目标不舍，最后获得成功，【T3】成为英国曾经产生的知识最丰富的学者与最雄辩的演说家之一。 (orator；produce) 【T4】这个故事并不是用来说明：一个人只有当上大学者或演说家，或二者兼而有者才被认为是成功了。 (only by引导的倒装句)【T5】除了做学者或演说家之外，还有许多同样高尚与可敬的职业。 (equally；noble)它只是用来说明一个青年人须志向高远，因为“宁可志高而达不到目标，也不要志低而达到”。

What number should replace the question mark? [*]

Science and technology bring convenience to mankind. People enjoy the benefits of technological inventions. Therefore, science and technology promote human progress. However, some people do not work as hard today as they did in the past. How true is this phenomenon? Write an article of at least 160 words to express your opinion on the answer sheet.

Last, week my brother and I decided to paint our bedroom while our parents are out for the day. Our parents usually have the 【M1】______ painting do by a local firm, but we thought we could save some 【M2】______ money if we did ourselves. We had watched the painters the last time 【M3】______ the house was painted, but we thought we would be able to 【M4】______ do the job. “First all the surface have to be washed,“ my brother said. 【M5】______ “That can’t be very difficult,“ I replied. “We’ d better put some 【M6】______ newspapers on the carpet. If we make a mess, we’ll get into the 【M7】______ trouble.“ Before that had been done, we looked for some paint 【M8】______ in the garden shed. “We could use this red paint,“ I suggested. My brother said that we preferred green paint. Just as we were going 【M9】______ to start, our parents arrived home. “You must have asked us first,“ 【M10】______ my mother said to us. “You can paint the rest of the house too!“

The expedition has left for the Andes and there is no______when it will return. reflecting timing knowing accounting advising

Will you______my article to find out whether I’ ve made any mistakes? look after look through look up look at look on

So involved with their cell phones______that leaders at summer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games. became the children become the children had the children become do the children become children became

—I heard you took a trip to Mexico. —Yes, I did. —How did you like it? —Oh, I got sick and tired of hotels and hotel food. —I can imagine.______ I’d like to go with you. You’d better go to a beach. East or west, home is the best. Go to other parts of the country. They’ll be better next time.

As high-tech materials invade high-street fashion, prepare for clothes that are cooler than silk or warmer than wool, keep insects at arm’ s length, and emit many pinpricks of coloured light. The convergence of fashion and high technology is leading to new kinds of fibres, fabrics and coatings that are imbuing clothing with egually wondrous powers. Corpe Nove has made clothes that can change according to external heat levels. And at Nexia Biotechnologies scientists have found fibres similar to those in nature. [*] A big impact is already being made at the molecular level. Nano-Tex can make material that rarely needs washing. Meanwhile, Schoeller Textil uses material that can make you warmer or cooler. Sensory Perception Technologies (SPT) embodies an entirely different application of nanotechnology. Created in 2003 by Quest International, a flavour and fragrance company, and Woolmark, a wool textile organisation, SPT is a new technique of embedding chemicals into fabric. Though not the first of this type, SPT’ s durability (evidently the microcapsule containing the chemicals can survive up to 30 washes) suggests an interesting future. Designers could incorporate signature scents into their collections. Sportswear could be impregnated with anti-perspirant. Hayfever sufferers might find relief by pulling on a T-shirt, and so on. The loudest buzz now surrounds polylactic acid (PLA) fibres—and, in particular, one brand-named Ingeo. Developed by Cargill Dow, it is the first man-made fibre derived from a 100% annually renewable resource. This is currently maize (corn) , though in theory any fermentable plant material, even potato peelings, can be used. In performance terms, the attraction for the 30-plus clothes makers signed up to use Ingeo lies in its superiority over polyester (which it was designed to replace). [*] As Philippa Watkins, a textiles specialist, notes, Ingeo is not a visual trend. Unlike nanotechnology, which promises to “ transform“ what clothes can do, Ingeo ’ s impact on fashion will derive instead from its emphasis on using natural sustainable resources. Could wearing synthetic fabrics made from polluting and non-renewable fossil fuels become as uncool as slipping on a coat made from animal fur? Consumers should expect a much wider choice of “ green“ fabrics. Alongside PLA fibres, firms are investigating plants such as bamboo, seaweed, nettles and banana stalks as raw materials for textiles. Soya bean fibre is also gaining ground. Harvested in China and spun in Europe, the fabric is a better absorber and ventilator than silk, and retains heat better than wool. Elsewhere, fashion houses—among them Ermenegildo Zegna, Paul Smith and DKNY—are combining fashion with electronics. Clunky earlier attempts involved attaching electronic components to the fabrics after the normal weaving process. But companies such as SOFTswitch have developed electro-conductive fabrics that behave in similar ways to conventional textiles. Could electronic garments one day change colour or pattern? A hint of what could be achieved is offered by Luminex, a joint venture between Stabio Textile and Caen. Made of woven optical fibres and powered by a small battery, Luminex fabric emits thousands of pinpricks of light, the colour of which can be varied. Costumes made of the fabric wowed audiences at a production of the opera Aida in Washington, DC, last year. Yet this ultimate of ambitions has remained elusive in daily fashion, largely because electronic textiles capable of such wizardry are still too fragile to wear. Margaret Orth, whose firm International Fashion Machines makes a colour-changing fabric, believes the capability is a decade or two away. Accessories with this chameleon-like capacity—for instance, a handbag that alters its colour—are more likely to appear first. Questions 56 ~ 60 Fill in the blanks below with information from the passage, using no more than two words for each blank. [*]

Suzy goes to a new school. In her class she likes Fred but doesn’ t like Graham. She likes Ross but doesn’ t like Anna. She likes Mandy but doesn’ t like Sandra. Does she like Sarah?

Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite______. inexpensive invaluable priceless unworthy worthless

______you promise you will work hard, ______support you to study abroad. If; will I Only; I will If only; will I Only if; will I Only if; I will

______is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals. Which So It This As

All of the international delegates attending the conference______to bring a souvenir from their own countries. are asking were asking were asked have asked has been asked

______with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. When compared While comparing To compare Being compared Comparing